A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

Shahid, Jawaria; Kashif, Ayesha; Shahid, Muhammad Kashif

doi:10.3390/brainsci13050717

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…The studies conducted by Qian et al, Derflinger et al, Högg et al, and Myint et al provide valuable insights into various aspects of neurological and rehabilitative research [ 2 , 4 , 10 , 11 ]. Qian et al focused on the anatomical positioning of fibers in the PLIC [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiotherapy Approach to an Internal Capsule Infarct With Upper Motor Neuron Facial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report

Mantri,

Harjpal,

Chavan

2024

Cureus

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The internal capsule (IC) is a vital brain structure housing descending and ascending fiber tracts, with traditional assumptions about the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts descending through the genu and anterior third of the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), respectively. However, observations of IC infarctions reveal that symptoms often deviate from the expected fiber pattern, prompting a deeper exploration of these complexities. The posterior limb of the IC receives its blood supply from the lenticulostriate branches of the middle cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery (AChA). AChA infarctions present a diverse array of symptoms beyond the classic triad, reflecting the intricate vascular supply and lesion patterns within this region. We present a case of a 74-year-old male farmer with right-hand dominance, who experienced a fall resulting in head and right lower limb injuries. Subsequently, he developed weakness in his left upper and lower limbs, facial deviation, slurred speech, and swelling in the right lower limb. Following these symptoms, his family promptly brought him to the hospital on November 30, 2023. Extensive investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), revealed a hyper-acute infarct in the posterior limb of the left IC. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for three days and later shifted to the neurology ward where medical management was commenced, including physiotherapy protocol that was started on December 2, 2023. Physiotherapy interventions were designed to address the patient's weakness, altered sensation, and diminished reflexes. Therapeutic goals focused on preventing complications, improving posture, enhancing range of motion (ROM), and mitigating breathing difficulties and mobility issues. The physiotherapy aimed to enhance the patient's overall physical and mental well-being, emphasizing independence and improved quality of life. Regular assessments and adjustments to the therapeutic interventions were made based on the patient's progress. This case underscores the importance of tailored physiotherapy interventions in addressing the diverse manifestations of IC infarctions, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of rehabilitation strategies in neurologically compromised individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For difficulty in speech, speech therapy and swallowing therapy were given to the patient. In order to reduce breathing difficulties, exercises were given to the patient [ 11 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiotherapy Approach to an Internal Capsule Infarct With Upper Motor Neuron Facial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report

Mantri,

Harjpal,

Chavan

2024

Cureus

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“…These complementary interventions target different aspects of recovery, addressing cognitive, sensory, and motor functions. As a result, stroke survivors experience enhanced engagement, improved functional outcomes, and a higher likelihood of sustained progress throughout their rehabilitation [ 63 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Gait Rehabilitation for Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Teodoro,

Fernandes,

Castro

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Stroke stands as a significant global health concern, constituting a leading cause of disability worldwide. Rehabilitation interventions are crucial in aiding the recovery of stroke patients, contributing to an overall enhancement in their quality of life. This scoping review seeks to identify current trends in gait rehabilitation for stroke survivors. Methods: The review followed the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. Electronic databases, such as CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, and Nursing & Allied Health Collection, were systematically searched in November 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised papers published in either English or Portuguese from 2013 to 2023. Results: From the initial search, a total of 837 papers were identified; twenty-one papers were incorporated into this review. Thirteen distinct categories of gait rehabilitation interventions were identified, encompassing diverse approaches. These categories comprise conventional rehabilitation exercises, traditional gait training with integrated technology, and gait training supported by modern technologies. Conclusions: Although traditional rehabilitation exercises have historically proven effective in aiding stroke survivors, a recent trend has emerged, emphasizing the development and integration of innovative therapeutic approaches that harness modern technologies.

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“…Additionally, early overground bodyweight-support training has demonstrated advantages in the sub-acute phase [292]. As patients transition to the chronic stage, task-specific therapies offer persistent improvements in diverse motor deficits [293].…”

Section: Rehabilitation After Stroke: An Ongoing Journeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Approaches in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition to Future Innovations

Saceleanu,

Toader,

Ples

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Among the high prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases nowadays, acute ischemic stroke stands out, representing a significant worldwide health issue with important socio-economic implications. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are important milestones for the management of this multifaceted pathology, making understanding the various stroke-onset symptoms crucial. A key role in acute ischemic stroke management is emphasizing the essential role of a multi-disciplinary team, therefore, increasing the efficiency of recognition and treatment. Neuroimaging and neuroradiology have evolved dramatically over the years, with multiple approaches that provide a higher understanding of the morphological aspects as well as timely recognition of cerebral artery occlusions for effective therapy planning. Regarding the treatment matter, the pharmacological approach, particularly fibrinolytic therapy, has its merits and challenges. Endovascular thrombectomy, a game-changer in stroke management, has witnessed significant advances, with technologies like stent retrievers and aspiration catheters playing pivotal roles. For select patients, combining pharmacological and endovascular strategies offers evidence-backed benefits. The aim of our comprehensive study on acute ischemic stroke is to efficiently compare the current therapies, recognize novel possibilities from the literature, and describe the state of the art in the interdisciplinary approach to acute ischemic stroke. As we aspire for holistic patient management, the emphasis is not just on medical intervention but also on physical therapy, mental health, and community engagement. The future holds promising innovations, with artificial intelligence poised to reshape stroke diagnostics and treatments. Bridging the gap between groundbreaking research and clinical practice remains a challenge, urging continuous collaboration and research.

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A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

Cited by 23 publications

References 117 publications

Physiotherapy Approach to an Internal Capsule Infarct With Upper Motor Neuron Facial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report

Physiotherapy Approach to an Internal Capsule Infarct With Upper Motor Neuron Facial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report

Current Trends in Gait Rehabilitation for Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Integrative Approaches in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Symptom Recognition to Future Innovations

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