We study a particle system with the following diffusion-branchingselection mechanism. Particles perform independent one dimensional Brownian motions and on top of that, at a constant rate, a pair of particles is chosen uniformly at random and both particles adopt the position of the rightmost one among them. We show that the cumulative distribution function of the empirical measure converges to a solution of the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (F-KPP) equation and use this fact to prove that the system selects the minimal macroscopic speed as the number of particles goes to infinity.

Crack mechanics in single-notched sheets of paper is analysed by an approach that combines the concept of virtual crack trajectory ensemble with self-affine crack mechanics formalism. The crack initiation criterion is determined for three kinds of paper. The probability distributions of crack roughness and strength parameters are established. A probabilistic model of self-affine crack propagation in paper is proposed.

We present simulations of turbulent detached flows using the commercial lattice Boltzmann solver XFlow (by Dassault Systemes). XFlow’s lattice Boltzmann formulation together with an efficient octree mesh generator reduce substantially the cost of generating complex meshes for industrial flows. In this work, we challenge these meshes and quantify the accuracy of the solver for detached turbulent flows. The good performance of XFlow when combined with a Large-Eddy Simulation turbulence model is demonstrated for different industrial benchmarks and validated using experimental data or fine numerical simulations. We select five test cases: the Backward-facing step the Goldschmied Body the HLPW-2 (2nd High-Lift Prediction Workshop) full aircraft geometry, a NACA0012 under dynamic stall conditions and a parametric study of leading edge tubercles to improve stall behavior on a 3D wing.

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RESUMENEn el 2013 Rafael Correa afianzó las bases del modelo autoritario-competitivo iniciado en 2007. Más allá de la infraestructura y la inversión pública -que cualquier gobierno con recursos económicos también pudo realizar-, la administración de Correa se caracterizó este año -al igual que en los previos aunque ahora con más intensidad-por la persecución a todo aquel que planteara una opinión contraria a su gestión. En dicho escenario político, el último escollo que queda a Correa para consolidar su permanencia en el poder luego de 2017 es la reforma constitucional que permita la reelección indefinida -o al menos por un período adicional-. Si las condiciones políticas y económicas no varían en el corto plazo, Ecuador tendrá al menos hasta 2021 un gobierno caracterizado por muchas obras públicas y pocas libertades. Más allá de la coyuntura, la gran aceptación popular que genera el modelo autoritario-competitivo de Correa es una de las preguntas clave que debería orientar la investigación científica sobre Ecuador en el futuro inmediato.Palabras clave: Ecuador, autoritarismo competitivo, democracia, Rafael Correa, instituciones políticas. ABSTRACT During 2013 the President Correa strengthened his authoritarian-competitive model initiated at 2007. Regardless of infrastructure and public investment -that any government with economic resources could also have done-the Correa administration was characterized by the persecution of any person with opinions contrary to his performance in office. Given this political

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