With the final aim of obtaining saIt tolerant olive plants, olive cvs. growing in the olive Germplasm Bank (World Collection) of Córdoba (Spain) (WC-CO) and plants growing in three harsh saline zones, each divided into two subzones, were selected. The zones and subzones were: "Odiel" River
In this work, differential protein expression in olive tissues after salt treatments has been investigated. Olive clones selected in vitro according to their salt tolerance were submitted, also in vitro, to high salt concentrations.After each treatment, the leaves and stems were collected and protein extracts of them subjected to polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis to analyse their band patterns.Some differences were observed referring to 2 bands of approximately 24 kD and 40 kD which appeared in the extracts after exposition to salt.It is discussed the possible implication of this polypeptide in the response of olive tree to salt stress and similarities with other proteins described in other plant species.
For olive genetic improvement work it is very important to obtain a high rate of seed germination and a shortening of the juvenile period of the plants raised. By in vitro embryo culture, a 100% of germination is attained in a few days and the supply of adequate nutritive solutions and photoperiod speeds up seedling development during hardening, thus shortening juvenility. Mycorrhizal is another resource to improve plant development. This work attempts to know the effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus intraradices on the survival and development of olive seedlings obtained by in vitro embryo germination, during greenhouse hardening phase.Olive seedlings obtained by in vitro embryo germination were transplanted to pots with sterile sandy soil. Half of the pots were inoculated with 5g of Glomus intraradices. Afterwards, the pots were transferred to a greenhouse and watered at field capacity. After 180 days in this conditions, the number of dead plants, stem and shoot length of the surviving plants, and leaves, stems, shoots, roots and whole plant fresh and dry weight were recorded. Also, the nutritive status of the above indicated organs was analysed.
Zygotic mature olive embryos from olive plants growing in the World Olive Plant Collection of Cordoba (Spain) and in high salinity marshes, were cultured in vitro on 1/3 MS medium with different NaCl concentrations: 0, 4, 6 and 8 gL -1 (0, 68.4, 102.6 and 136.9 mM respectively).Close to 100% of the embryos cultured in control medium formed normal seedlings, showing good growth. The addition of NaCl to the medium decreased these parameters but different responses were observed due to the natural genetic variability of the embryos. Thus, some embryos showed low ability to grow at low saline concentrations while others, even from the same mother plant, were able to germinate and grow well at salt concentrations of 8 gL -1 . But, in general, embryos from plants growing in saline areas, germinated better in salt than those from cultivated olive trees. Explants from low and high salt tolerant seedlings were propagated in vitro by subculturing in media without salt and the clonal lines obtained were tested for their salt tolerance by culturing in vitro on 1/3 MS media with different NaCl concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 gL -1 (0, 34.2, 68.4, 102.6, 136.9, 171.1 and 205.3 mM respectively). A correspondence between the tolerance observed for the original seedlings and the plantlets obtained from them was found.Plants with low ability to grow in low salt concentration (low salt tolerant) and plants which could grow at 12 gL -1
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