Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) remodels corneal stroma to compensate refractive errors. The removal of epithelium and the ablation of stroma provoke the disruption of corneal nerves and a release of several peptides from tears, epithelium, stroma and nerves. A myriad of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases participate in the process of corneal wound healing. Their balance will determine if reepithelization and stromal remodeling are appropriate. The final aim is to achieve corneal transparency for restoring corneal function, and a proper visual quality. Therefore, wound-healing response is critical for a successful refractive surgery. Our goal is to provide an overview into how corneal wounding develops following PRK. We will also review the influence of intraoperative application of mitomycin C, bandage contact lenses, anti-inflammatory and other drugs in preventing corneal haze and post-PRK pain.
Presbyopia occurs in the aging eye due to changes in the ciliary muscle, zonular fibers, crystalline lens, and an increased lens sclerosis. As a consequence, the capacity of accommodation decreases, which hampers to focus near objects. With the aim of restoring near vision, different devices that produce multiple focuses have been developed and introduced. However, these devices are still unable to restore accommodation. In order to achieve that goal, dual-optic accommodating Intraocular Lenses have been designed, whose anterior optic displaces axially to increase ocular power, and focus near objects. Although dual-optic accommodating IOLs are relatively new, their outcomes are promising, as they provide large amplitudes of accommodation and a greater IOL displacement than single-optic accommodating IOLs. The outcomes show comfortable near vision, higher patients' satisfaction rates, and minimal postoperative complications like Posterior Capsular Opacification and Anterior Capsular Opacification, due to their design and material.
<p>La aberración del frente de onda es posible descomponerla a través de los polinomios de Zernike. Mediante sistemas de óptica adaptativa utilizando dichas funciones matemáticas, se puede determinar desde el punto de vista clínico y físico las aberraciones oculares. En el presente trabajo se analizan los componentes de la aberración del frente de onda, describiéndose las principales aplicaciones clínicas de la aberrometría ocular y sus limitaciones más importantes.</p><p> </p>
<p align="justify">La opacificación de la cápsula posterior es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes que suelen producirse después de la cirugía de cataratas, como resultado de una migración y proliferación de restos de células epiteliales que quedan en el saco capsular desde el momento de la intervención. En un principio, esta opacificación se produce en la periferia y luego avanza hacia la zona central, lo que puede afectar, en última instancia y si no se diagnostica a tiempo, la visión central y originar una disminución de la agudeza visual, la sensibilidad al contraste y la sensibilidad al deslumbramiento. El tratamiento necesario para la restauración de la visión consiste en eliminar la opacidad mediante la capsulotomía con láser Nd-YAG. Nuevos diseños y materiales de lentes intraoculares y los hápticos, disposición de anillos de tensión capsular y mejora en la intervención quirúrgica consiguen que en la actualidad la tasa de incidencia de opacidad capsular posterior haya disminuido considerablemente.</p>
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