Triangular implants showed similar percentage of osseointegration, buccal bone volume and soft tissue contours, although attaining greater buccal crestal bone width. No differences were found in regard to soft tissue dimensions and the position of the first bone-to-implant contact.

Objectives To study the early and late bone healing around implants placed according to a flapless immediate (test) or flapped delayed (control) implant surgical protocol. Materials and methods In eight beagle dogs, immediate and delayed implants were placed. Test and control implants were randomly assigned, and horizontal and vertical bone remodelling, as well as bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), were assessed with histology at 2 and 8 weeks. Teeth were used as negative controls. Results Similar results were attained in the two groups when the vertical resorption of the buccal bone crest was evaluated (approximately 0.5 mm). On the other hand, a marked horizontal buccal bone resorption was observed. Immediate implants attained a thinner buccal bone crest as compared to the delayed implant and the tooth. De novo bone formation on the implant surface appeared to be more pronounced at delayed sites at 2 weeks, whereas at 8 weeks, no difference in BIC was observed. Conclusions Ridge alterations occurred at both implant placement protocols, with similar limited amounts of vertical buccal bone reduction and a pronounced horizontal bone reduction. The process of horizontal bone remodelling differed between the two surgical protocols.

Objectives To evaluate new lateral bone formation and lateral volume augmentation by guided bone regeneration (GBR) in chronic non‐contained bone defects with the use of a non‐resorbable TiO2‐block. Materials and methods Three buccal bone defects were created in each hemimandible of eight beagle dogs and allowed to heal for 8 weeks before treatment by GBR. Each hemimandible was randomly allocated to 4‐ or 12‐week healing time after GBR, and three intervention groups were assigned by block randomization: TiO2 block: TiO2‐scaffold and a collagen membrane, DBBM particles: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen membrane, Empty control: Collagen membrane only. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to measure the lateral bone formation and width augmentation. Histological outcomes included descriptive analysis and histomorphometric measurements. Results MicroCT analysis demonstrated increasing new bone formation from 4 to 12 weeks of healing. The greatest width of mineralized bone was seen in the empty controls, and the largest lateral volume augmentation was observed in the TiO2 block sites. The DBBM particles demonstrated more mineralized bone in the grafted area than the TiO2 blocks, but small amounts and less than the empty control sites. Conclusion The TiO2 blocks rendered the largest lateral volume augmentation but also less new bone formation compared with the DBBM particles. The most new lateral bone formation outward from the bone defect margins was observed in the empty controls, indicating that the presence of either graft material leads to slow appositional bone growth.

Dental implants have shown to be a safe and reliable treatment approach for the rehabilitation of partial and full edentulous patients, demonstrating high long-term survival rates (Papaspyridakos et al., 2018). However, dental implants are not free from complications, and peri-implant diseases (peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) are a frequent finding (Jung et al., 2012;Pjetursson et al., 2012).

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Objectives The aim was to evaluate the degree of bone regeneration and re‐osseointegration attained when combining a xenogeneic bone replacement graft plus rhBMP‐2 and a collagen membrane in ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis osseous defects in dogs. Material and Methods Thirty‐six implants were placed in a total of 6 Beagle dogs, 3 months after tooth extraction. Once experimental peri‐implantitis was induced, defects were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: in the test group guided bone regeneration was applied using de‐proteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen soak loaded with rhBMP2 covered with a natural collagen membrane. In the control group, the same scaffold and membrane were used but saline was used to soak the grafting material. After a period of 8 weeks of healing, a submerged environment clinical measurements were taken and histological outcomes were evaluated once the animals were euthanized. Histological bone defect regeneration (BR) was considered as the primary outcome variable, and dog was selected as the unit of analysis. Results Partial defect resolution was observed in both treatment groups. The histometric analysis showed a higher degree of bone regeneration for the test group, although differences were not statistically significant, both in terms of histological bone gain and percentage of re‐osseointegration. Conclusions (a) The addition of rhBMP2 to a bovine xenograft/collagen vehicle carrier failed to provide a significant added value in terms of bone regeneration or re‐osseointegration, (b) partial re‐osseointegration of a previously contaminated surface was achieved, although (c) a complete defect resolution and re‐osseointegration to the level previous to the induction of the disease failed to occur in any of the treatment groups.

Root coverage in the anterior mandible is challenging due to a thin gingiva, shallow vestibule, and/or high frenulum. This case series reports on the flattening of the root surface to create a new emergence profile conceived with a two-step surgical approach aimed at providing more space for the graft, increasing the thickness of the gingival margin, and getting extra soft tissue in the open area of the recession. A total of 10 patients with recessions affecting the mandibular incisors were treated to evaluate this two-step approach, which included odontoplasty of the root followed by a connective tissue graft. At 1 year, the mean coverage was 100% in Class II recessions, and 80.5% in Class III. The mean keratinized tissue increase was 5.80 ± 1.75 mm. This surgical approach could be proposed as an alternative when treating mandibular anterior teeth with root prominence or with a buccally tilted position.

Background: The aim of this study, a prospective case series, was to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and biochemical impact of the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: Thirty subjects with diagnosis of peri-implantitis were treated following a surgical protocol including access flaps, surface decontamination with ultrasonics and glycine powder air-polishing, and systemic antibiotics. Disease resolution was defined by the composite outcome including presence of probing depths (PD) ≤5 mm, absence of bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration, and no additional radiographic bone loss (>1 mm). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the patient-, implant-, and prosthetic-related factors possibly influencing treatment outcomes. Results: Patients were evaluated at 6 months post treatment, demonstrating statistically significant reductions in PD (2.14 ± 1.07 mm) and increase in mucosal recession (1.0 ± 0.77 mm). Plaque, BoP, and suppuration were also reduced by 40.56%, 62.22%, and 7.78%, respectively. Disease resolution was achieved in 56.67% of patients. No significant changes were detected in microbiological parameters except for a significant reduction in proportions of Parvimonas micra. Similarly, the levels of the biomarker interleukin-8 in crevicular fluid were significantly lower at 6 months. Conclusions: The proposed surgical treatment of peri-implantitis demonstrated statistically significant clinical improvements although the impact on microbiological and biochemical parameters was scarce.