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Abstract-The paper examines the effects of pupil-teacher ratios and type of school on educational attainment and wages using the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS). The NCDS is a panel survey that follows a cohort of individuals born in March 1958 and has a rich set of background variables recorded throughout the individuals' lives. The results suggest that, once we control for ability and family background, the pupil-teacher ratio has no impact on educational qualifications or on men's wages. It has an impact on women's wages at the age of 33, particularly those of low ability. We also find evidence that those who attend selective schools have better educational outcomes and, in the case of men, higher wages at the age of 33. The impact is greater for the type of individuals who are less likely to attend selective schools but for whom a comparison group does exist among those attending.

This paper presents the model used for simulation purposes within the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. REMS (a Rational Expectations Model for the Spanish economy) is a small open economy dynamic general equilibrium model in the vein of the New-Neoclassical-Keynesian synthesis models, with a strongly micro-founded system of equations. In the long run REMS behaves in accordance with the neoclassical growth model. In the short run, it incorporates nominal, real and financial frictions. Real frictions include adjustment costs in consumption (via habits in consumption and rule-of-thumb households) and investment into physical capital. Due to financial frictions, there is no perfect arbitrage between different types of assets. The model also allows for slow adjustment in wages and price rigidities, which are specified through a Calvo-type Phillips curve. All these modelling choices are fairly in line with other existing models for the Spanish economy. One valuable contribution of REMS to the renewed vintage of D(S)GE models attempting to feature the Spanish economy is the specification of the labour market according to the search paradigm, which is best suited to assess the impact of welfare policies on both the intensive and extensive margins of employment. The model's most valuable asset is the rigour of the analysis of the transmission channels linking policy action with economic outcomes.

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Resumen: La construcción del conocimiento es un proceso cooperativo que se ha intensificado considerablemente a lo largo de las últimas décadas, involucrando cualquier iniciativa de investigación a un número cada vez mayor de investigadores, instituciones, disciplinas y países. El presente estudio realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre colaboración científica. Se identifican los trabajos pioneros del área, el tipo de estudio y las variables analizadas. Se comenta la aproximación "clásica", basada en la obtención de indicadores bibliométricos, que ha adquirido una nueva dimensión analítica con el Análisis de Redes Sociales así como con las aproximaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas que tratan de indagar en las motivaciones y en las dinámicas del trabajo cooperativo. El estudio de la colaboración científica se ha abordado con metodologías y desde ópticas disciplinares muy diversas, según se puso de manifiesto en el Congreso "La colaboración científica: una aproximación multidisciplinar", celebrado en la Universitat de València en noviembre de 2013, que reunió a los principales expertos españoles en el tema. El presente ejemplar monográfico de Revista Española de Documentación Científica recoge una selección de diez trabajos presentados en el citado evento. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre los principales retos que debe abordar la investigación en relación con la colaboración científica.Palabras clave: Colaboración científica; trabajo cooperativo; Ciencia y Tecnología; investigadores; investigación en colaboración. Scientific collaboration: main research lines and future challengesAbstract: The construction of knowledge is a collaborative process that has seen a dramatic growth over recent decades, since almost all research activities now involve increasing numbers of researchers, institutions, disciplines and countries. The present study provides a bibliographic review of the literature on research collaboration and identifies pioneering work on the topic, the types of studies undertaken and the variables analyzed. Several approaches are discussed: the "classical" approach, based on bibliometric indicators, which has taken on a new dimension with Social Network Analysis; and quantitative and qualitative approaches, which attempt to investigate the motivations and dynamics of collaborative work. The study of scientific collaboration has been undertaken using a variety of methodologies from different disciplinary perspectives. This was made evident at the Congress "Scientific collaboration: a multidisciplinary approach" held at University of Valencia in November 2013, which brought together leading experts on the subject from around Spain. This special issue of Revista Española de Documentación Científica contains ten selected papers presented at that event. We conclude this introductory paper by examining the main challenges that research into scientific collaboration should explore.