Introduction The Cervico-capital rotation process involves important joints with respect to the neurological field. Among these joints, the atlanto-occipital joint accounts for 40% of the total rotation process and its anatomical changes may affect the joint, i.e when the synostosis of both bones occurs. This anomaly has a reported incidence in the world population of 0.14% to 0.75%. To determine whether this incidence range also corresponds to the Colombian population, atlanto-occipital fusion in Colombian patients was studied. Materials and Methods The presence of atlanto-occipital fusion was assessed in a random sample of 105 skulls of a Colombian population. Morphometric features were evaluated by using a Vernier caliper. Results Out of the total sample two cases of atlanto-occipital fusion were identified. One of them exhibited a bilateral fusion between the anterior arch of the foramen magnum and the lateral masses of the atlas; the other one exhibited a left hemisynostosis that compromises the anterior arch foramen magnum and left lateral mass of atlas. The overall frequency of occurrence was 1.9%. Conclusion A greater incidence of atlanto-occipital fusion was found in contrast to the range of world incidence reported in the literature.
The objective was to analyze whether there was a definite number of cerebral cortical neurons for humans. Methodology: data was examined for the total number of brain neurons in the literature related to the field of neuroscience. This suggested that the human cerebral cortex has a large number of neurons whose value changes with the life cycle due to several factors that lead to have an indefinite number. Discussion: an analysis based on the literature showed the main factors influencing the total number of cortical neurons such as neurogenesis, apoptosis during life cycle, gender and pathological conditions. The inconsistent assessment of the number of neurons in the human cortex has been discussed by several authors, emphasizing that the values that have been displayed in the literature are presumably uncertain and are based on the views of some authors or the conceptions of others without carrying out replicable scientific studies. The above described has exhibited variable and inconsistent values in different texts about this issue. It has been concluded that the total number of cortical neurons varies due to diverse factors that play a role in determining the number of neurons in the human cerebral cortex.
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