Objective: To determine the reference values of normal portal vein diameter in correlation to gender in population of Lahore. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Ultrasound Lab University of Lahore and Gondal Complex Lahore. Period: 5th October 2020 to 13th April 2021. Material & Methods: Sample size of my study were 164 males and 143 females. Simple random sampling was conducted. Healthy Individual with normal body mass index, both (male and female) individuals in fasting state and age between (20-25) years. Individual with history of portal hypertension, Fatty liver, Hepatomegaly and any other hepatic disorder. Xario XG. Convex 3.5 MHz-7.5MHz. Results: The mean diameter of portal vein for male was calculated as 10.51 + 1.468 mm (ranging from 13mm to 15mm), and for females was 10.085 ±1.336 mm (ranging from 7 to 14mm). Independent t-test was applied to examine the difference of mean Portal vein in males and females. We found a statistical significant difference in two means of portal vein diameter as the p-value = 0.008 is less than α =0.05. Conclusion: In this study, portal vein diameter in adult men and women were found within the normal range among age limit 20-25years.But the diameter of portal vein showed direct relation with weight and Body Mass Index among females but in males none of the body factors had any impact on the diameter of portal vein.

… The shoulder joint trauma after one to two years usually induces growth of its traumatic separated articular cartilage pieces, which sometime further deteriorates into an uncommon condition termed as SOC (Secondary synovial osteo-chondromatosis). Objectives: Is to determine the secondary osteochondromatosis of shoulder joint by its specific differentiating features in history, skiagram, sonogram, MRI and microscopic findings of tissue of the affected joint. Methods: A male of 34 years with complaint of pain, stiffness and decreased range of movement in left shoulder joint came to an adult orthopedic outdoor unit, Shalimar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan and admitted in the orthopedic unit 3 for treatment. After physical /clinical examination, Skiagram, sonogram and MRI of the patient's affected shoulder joint were performed by the Radiology department and diagnosed as secondary variety of osteochondromatosis of the shoulder joint. Its nodules excised through arthroscopy were examined histopathologically and found to contain fragments of articular cartilage with ring of calcification. Conclusion: MRI imaging as compared to other medical imaging modalities is more precise in estimating diagnosis of secondary osteochondromatosis. However the diagnosis of this disorder is counter confirmed by presence of loose bodies of hyaline cartilage encircled by calcification lamellae on histopathological examination.

Objectives: The objective was to determine the accuracy of Gray Scale versus Doppler Ultrasound to Detect Deep Venous Thrombosis in Lower Extremities. Study Design: Cross Sectional Analytical study.  Setting: The University of Lahore and Shalimar Hospital Lahore. Period: May to October 2020. Material & Methods: After a permission from the ethical committee and a written consent of the patients, on the basis of the clinical suspicions of deep vein thrombosis, A total of 140 patients of both the genders, aging from 20 to 90 years, were referred for Gray Scale & Doppler ultrasound examination. The convenient sampling technique and Statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 22.0) were used for the analysis of data. Results: In 140 patients’ present study on Gray Scale ultrasound, 120 (85%) cases were observed  with significantly increased blood vessel size, intraluminal echogenicity and a loss of compressibility However, on Doppler ultrasound, 130 (92%) cases were detected possessing significantly increased blood vessel size, intraluminal echogenicity, absence of blood flow and negative augmentation effect. Conclusions: From the result of present study, it is concluded that Doppler may be used as gold standard to diagnose the DVT in the lower extremities. This study concludes also that DVT detection accuracy difference between Doppler and Gray Scale ultrasound is minor i.e. 1:1.08. This minor difference encourages the radiology practitioners of periphery to screen DVT in lower extremities through Gray Scale ultrasound, if Doppler ultrasound is unavailable there.

Objective: To access the role of radial K-space sampling technique for the compensation of motion artifact in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Systematic Literature Search. Setting: Department of Radiology, Shalimar Hospital, Lahore. Period: March 2019 to Oct 2019. Material & Methods: Was conducted with the help the of following search engines: Google scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Medline and Medscape databases from 1999 up to 2019 for names or acronyms of Radial K-space sampling, propeller sequence, management of motion artifact in MRI, RADAR sequence for motion compensation in MRI, k-space in clinic and multivane. Only those studies were included in this review study which shows the role of radial K-space sampling Technique for compensation of motion artifact. Total 104 studies were selected and after evaluation only 42 studies were included. Results: According to literature radial k-space sampling improved the quality of image and provided the scans with reduced motion artifact. Whereas in case of specificity (N= 16) the mean calculated value was 80.87 and Std. Deviation was 7.022. In case of radial k-space sampling technique (N=42) calculated mean was .26 and std. deviation was .701. The main disadvantage of radial k-space sampling is increased scan time. Conclusion: After reviewing literature of 42 studies, it was assessed that the use of radial K-space sampling technique or propeller sequence adjacent to the standard MRI sequences can reduce the motion artifact and will increase the image quality.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound with computed tomography angiography in patients with lower limb ischemia and to assess the severity of stenosis. Study Design: Cross Sectional Analytical study. Setting: Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Period: May 2020 to October 2020. Material & Methods: Data were collected according to the Age, Height, Weight, BMI, Duration of diabetes, Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride, Gender, Socioeconomic status, Diabetes, Hypertension, Stenosis, Collateral, calcification. Sample size of46 patients were included in this research comprising 32 males (69.6%) and 14 females (30.4%).Data entry and analysis will be done by using SPSS version-23. Results: Total numbers of 46 patients were included in this research comprising 32 males (69.6%) and 14 females (30.4%). According to the result analysis 34 patients had shown peripheral arterial disease at color Doppler and 12 patients had not shown peripheral arterial disease at color doppler. 38 patients had shown peripheral arterial disease at CTA and 8 patients had not shown peripheral arterial disease at CTA. Conclusion: This study concludes that computed tomography angiography for detection of peripheral arterial disease as the gold standard, MDCT angiography shows higher sensitivity (82.6%) than color-coded Doppler ultrasonography (73.9%) in the assessment of peripheral arterial disease.

The shoulder joint trauma after one to two years usually induces growth ofits traumatic separated articular cartilage pieces, which sometime further deteriorates intoan uncommon condition termed as SOC (Secondary synovial osteo-chondromatosis).Objectives: Is to determine the secondary osteochondromatosis of shoulder joint by itsspecific differentiating features in history, skiagram, sonogram, MRI and microscopic findingsof tissue of the affected joint. Methods: A male of 34 years with complaint of pain, stiffness anddecreased range of movement in left shoulder joint came to an adult orthopedic outdoor unit,Shalimar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan and admitted in the orthopedic unit 3 for treatment. Afterphysical /clinical examination, Skiagram, sonogram and MRI of the patient’s affected shoulderjoint were performed by the Radiology department and diagnosed as secondary variety ofosteochondromatosis of the shoulder joint. Its nodules excised through arthroscopy wereexamined histopathologically and found to contain fragments of articular cartilage with ringof calcification. Conclusion: MRI imaging as compared to other medical imaging modalitiesis more precise in estimating diagnosis of secondary osteochondromatosis. However thediagnosis of this disorder is counter confirmed by presence of loose bodies of hyaline cartilageencircled by calcification lamellae on histopathological examination.