The aim of this research is to investigate the link between different proxies of social visibility such as company size, company profitability, environmental sensitivity, and multinational subsidiary with CSR disclosure. This study used a content analysis method to extract CSR-related information from the annual reports of 253 listed companies of Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed through a multiple linear pooled regression analysis technique. The results showed that company size, company profitability, environmental sensitivity, and to be a multinational subsidiary have a significant positive relationship with CSR disclosure. This indicates that different aspects of corporate social visibility are associated with CSR disclosure. We assert that highly socially visible companies, prone to pressures from various actors of the society such as the media, NGOs, the government, and other stakeholders, appear to disclose CSR information to manage relationships with these actors.

Purpose: The study empirically analyzes the moderating role of government support policy on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, technology orientation and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in northeast Nigeria.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper adopts quantitative survey method using structured questionnaires, data was collected from 240 SME owner-managers in northeast Nigeria. The data collected was analyzed using Partial Least Squares PLS-SEM.  Findings: The findings of the study indicates a significant positive relationship between EO, TO and Performance of SMEs. Additionally, the outcomes of the study authenticate that government support policy moderates the relationship between EO, TO and performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Implications/Originality/Value: The study have practical implication for government, policy makers, regulators, SMEs owner-managers and other stakeholders to recognize government support as it affects SMEs performance. The study further add to the frontier of knowledge on the importance of GSPs in strengthen the relationship between the variables and SMEs performance. This is the first study that focuses on testing the moderating role of government support policy on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, technology orientation and SMEs performance in Nigeria.

Teaching profession is one with highest demand regarding empowerment and emotional labour. Emotional labor is the management of emotions for performance excellence (Hochschild ,1983). This study has examined the relationship among the emotional labour, teacher’s overall empowerment and their work engagement. The study also aimed to determine either the job experience moderates the empowerment and work engagement relation.  A sample of 223 university teachers of 14 different universities was selected. 145 respondent’s data was found complete to be used for analysis. Valid scales like Utrecht Work Engagement was used to measure overall work engagement, Cuckar & Mann’s Emotional Requirement Inventory scale was used for measuring emotional labor and Short & Rinehart scale was used to measure the teacher empowerment. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. Different SPSS tools were used to measure the strength and significance of studied relationships. Moreover, a model was built to measure the overall work engagement of university teachers. A significant relation was found b/w empowerment, work engagement and emotional labor whereas the role of job experience was found to be insignificant. This study further suggested future research direction.

Abstract:The modification of nanostructured materials is of great interest due to controllable and unusual inherent properties in such materials. Single phase Fe doped ZnO nanostructures have been fabricated through simple, versatile and quick low temperature solution route with reproducible results. The amount of Fe dopant is found to play a significant role for the growth of crystal dimension. The effect of changes in the morphology can be obviously observed in the structural and micro-structural investigations, which may be due to a driving force induced by dipole-dipole interaction. The band gap of ZnO nanostructures is highly shifted towards the visible range with increase of Fe contents, while ferromagnetic properties have been significantly improved. The prepared nanostructures have been found to be nontoxic to SH-SY5Y Cells. The present study clearly indicates that the Fe doping provides an effective way of tailoring the crystal dimension, optical band-gap and ferromagnetic properties of ZnO nanostructure-materials with nontoxic nature, which make them potential for visible light activated photocatalyst to overcome environmental pollution, fabricate spintronics devices and biosafe drug delivery agent.