Background:
Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the area of material sciences on a molecular level, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario. This review is a comprehensive contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of AgNPs using different biological sources.
Methods:
Biosynthesis of AgNPs can be accomplished by physical, chemical, and green synthesis; however, synthesis via biological precursors has shown remarkable outcomes. In available reported data, these entities are used as reducing agents where the synthesized NPs are characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Results:
Modulation of metals to a nanoscale drastically changes their chemical, physical, and optical properties, and is exploited further via antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. Results showed excellent growth inhibition of the microorganism.
Conclusion:
Novel outcomes of green synthesis in the field of nanotechnology are appreciable where the synthesis and design of NPs have proven potential outcomes in diverse fields. The study of green synthesis can be extended to conduct the in silco and in vitro research to confirm these findings.
Herein
we present a new proton-conducting iron(II) metal–organic
framework (MOF) of an unusual structure formed by chains of alternating
bistriazolate-p-benzoquinone anions and iron(II)
cations with four axially coordinated water molecules. These chains
assemble via π–π stacking between the aromatic
units to form a three-dimensional grid-like network with channel pores
filled with water molecules. The material was structurally characterized
by single-crystal XRD analysis, and its water and thermal stability
was investigated. The proton conductivity was studied by impedance
measurements on needle-like single crystals. A simple but efficient
measurement setup consisting of interdigital electrodes was used.
The influence of the crystal orientation, temperature, and humidity
was investigated. The iron(II)-MOF showed the highest proton conductivity
of 3.3·10–3 S cm–1 at 22
°C and 94% relative humidity. Contrary to most known structures,
the conductivity in this material is controlled by chemical properties
of the pore system rather than by grain boundaries. The presented
material is the starting point for further tailoring the proton-conducting
properties, independent of morphological features which could find
potential applications as membrane materials in proton-exchange membrane
fuel cells.
Thermally stabilized and subsequently carbonized nanofibers are a promising material for many technical applications in fields such as tissue engineering or energy storage. They can be obtained from a variety of different polymer precursors via electrospinning. While some methods have been tested for post-carbonization doping of nanofibers with the desired ingredients, very little is known about carbonization of blend nanofibers from two or more polymeric precursors. In this paper, we report on the preparation, thermal treatment and resulting properties of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend nanofibers produced by wire-based electrospinning of binary polymer solutions. Using a wide variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal characterization methods, the chemical and morphological transition during oxidative stabilization (280 °C) and incipient carbonization (500 °C) was thoroughly investigated. Both PAN and PVDF precursor polymers were detected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during all stages of thermal treatment. Compared to pure PAN nanofibers, the blend nanofibers showed increased fiber diameters, strong reduction of undesired morphological changes during oxidative stabilization and increased conductivity after carbonization.
The tetratopic linker 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-phosphonophenyl)ethylene (H8TPPE) was used to synthesize the three new porous metal-organic frameworks of composition [M2(H2O)2(H2TPPE)] ∙ xH2O (M= Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+), denoted as M-CAU-53 under hydrothermal reaction...
Faradaic reactions including charge transfer are often accompanied with diffusion limitation inside the bulk. Conductive two-dimensional frameworks (2D MOFs) with a fast ion transport can combine bothcharge transfer and fast diffusion inside their porous structure. To study remaining diffusion limitations caused by particle morphology, different synthesis routes of Cu-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 ), a copper-based 2D MOF, are used to obtain flake-and rod-like MOF particles. Both morphologies are systematically characterized and evaluated for redox-active Li + ion storage. The redox mechanism is investigated by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and in situ XRD. Both types are compared regarding kinetic properties for Li + ion storage via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. A significant influence of particle morphology for 2D MOFs on kinetic aspects of electrochemical Li + ion storage can be observed. This study opens the path for optimization of redox active porous structures to overcome diffusion limitations of Faradaic processes.
Large Co-MOF-74 crystals of a few hundred micrometers were prepared by solvothermal synthesis, and their structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The hydrothermal stability of the material up to 60 °C at 93% relative humidity was verified by temperature-dependent XRD. Proton conductivity was studied by impedance spectroscopy, using a single crystal. By varying the relative humidity (70–95%), temperature (21–60 °C), and orientation of the crystal relative to the electrical potential, it was found that proton conduction occurs predominantly through the linear, unidirectional (1D) micropore channels of Co-MOF-74, and that water molecules inside the channels are responsible for the proton mobility by a Grotthuss-type mechanism.
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