Because of the lack of agreement on when rectus diastasis (RD) is pathologic, the aim was to investigate indications for surgical repair. This study presents classifications of RD, current knowledge on the relation to pregnancy, and conservative and surgical management. A systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Cinahl revealed 437 studies. Inclusion criteria were applied according to the above mentioned subjects of interest. In total 28 studies were included, representing 3725 patients, 11 of these by assessing reference lists of included studies. Only one RCT was found; most studies were case-series lacking statistical analysis. RD was common in post-partum women. Antepartum activity level may have a protective effect on RD and exercise may improve post-partum symptoms of RD. Repair was done during abdominoplasty or laparoscopically. The patient-satisfaction was high and long-term recurrence was reported by one study, while five reported no recurrence. Overall major complications were few, while minor complications were primarily seroma and wound complications. RD is by itself not a true hernia and, therefore, not associated with the risk of strangulation. Repair is mostly done due to cosmetic reasons. The condition does not necessarily require repair, and conservative management may be an alternative. If done, the protrusion of the abdomen, rather than the diastasis itself should influence the decision of repair. It is recommended that future studies use the established classifications (e.g. Beer, Rath, or Nahas) when reporting RD and long-term outcome of treatment. Comparison of surgical techniques and studies that address and compare conservative management with surgery are needed.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous sarcoma that frequently recurs locally, but rarely metastasizes. The purpose of this work is to present a clinical series of DFSP patients and national Danish incidence data in the period 2000-2012. Furthermore, the aim is to present guidelines on the management based on a review of the literature. Medical records of 26 consecutively treated patients at the Department of Plastic Surgery in Health Care Region Zealand were reviewed and histological specimens were reassessed. To investigate national Danish incidence in the period 2000-2012, data were extracted from the national pathology registry. Finally, a literature search was performed in Pubmed and Cochrane, and 23 major publications were reviewed. Studies on Mohs Micrographic surgery were excluded. All patients were treated with wide local excision (WLE) with a median margin of 2.8 cem and a median follow-up time of 36 months. We found a local recurrence rate of 4%. Our national incidence data were based on 374 patients. The overall incidence was 0.53 per 100,000 persons. The prevalence of DFSP in the age group 20-50 years was significantly higher than the group below 20 years (p < 0.0001). Surgery is the treatment of choice for primary DFSP, local recurrences, and metastases. If clear margins cannot be obtained by WLE or surgery is not an option because of unacceptable functional or cosmetic outcome, adjuvant radiotherapy or imatinib can be considered. Chemotherapy can be a final option if other treatments fail.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recently has been reported as an outpatient pathogen. We assessed this and found our institution's frequency quite low. Only 16 patients (4%) had true community-acquired MRSA bacteremia. Ten had no recorded previous hospitalization; twelve (75%) had significant underlying medical problems. Substance abuse and prior outpatient antibiotic use were not identified as major risks for community-acquired MRSA bacteremia.

BackgroundFlaps are increasingly popularized in reconstructive surgery and there is need to test and increase their reliability. Color Doppler ultrasound has been stated to be valuable in flap planning. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature of Color Doppler ultrasound targeted pedicled perforator flaps and provide information on outcomes and complication rates.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for articles published until April 2017 in PubMed and Embase. We aimed to include randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis, prospective studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies written in English. We included studies where CDU was used to identify the perforator(s) prior to surgery. We evaluated the quality of the included studies using checklists recommended by the Cochrane group.ResultsFrom the initial 219 studies, only 12 studies using Color Doppler targeted pedicled perforator flaps in 252 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven of these were case series and one a prospective study. The incidence of major complications was 8% (21/252) and minor complications was 14%, comprising of mostly necrosis 8% (24/252) and venous congestion 8% (21/252).ConclusionsThe reconstructive success rate following pedicled perforator flap reconstruction targeted by CDU appears to be high and the procedure provides a wide scope of applications and margin of safety. It is evident that the risk of venous congestion is 11 times greater in the lower extremities than the truncus, a finding that needs further attention in future studies.Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk/prognostic study

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recently has been reported as an outpatient pathogen. We assessed this and found our institution's frequency quite low. Only 16 patients (4%) had true community-acquired MRSA bacteremia. Ten had no recorded previous hospitalization; twelve (75%) had significant underlying medical problems. Substance abuse and prior outpatient antibiotic use were not identified as major risks for community-acquired MRSA bacteremia.

Deformities in the craniofacial region are of great social and functional importance. Several surgical techniques have been used to treat such pathologies often with high morbidity and lacking the ability to address smaller contour defects. The minimally invasive technique of fat transplantation has evolved rapidly within the last few decades. The objective of this paper is to present the versatility and applicability of fat transplantation in a wide range of contour deformities in the craniofacial region. We share our experiences in treating 13 patients with autoimmune disorders, congenital malformations, and acquired defects. Future perspectives of fat transplantation in the field of craniofacial reconstruction are discussed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the BMD in younger age group. It was a cross-sectional observational study done in January 2003. 223 subjects were taken (all females) of age group 16-25 years. Heel Ultrasound procedure was done on all these subjects using a "Clinical Bone Sonometer" and their T-score was plotted against age. The results of the study showed that young female nurses gain bone minerals with increasing age in this group.