This novel research looked into the role of public-private partnership investment in energy in affecting Pakistan’s long-term environmental sustainability. Employing time series data from 1992 to 2018 and utilizing the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) model, we found a long-term equilibrium association of ecological footprint with public-private partnership investment in energy, technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness. Our outcomes showed a significant positive association between public-private partnership investment in energy and ecological footprint in the long-run and the short-run, specifying that the increase in public-private partnership investment in energy affects the environmental sustainability of Pakistan. Similarly, our study confirmed that technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness increase the ecological footprint in Pakistan. It demonstrates that these factors are unfavorable to the sustainable environment in Pakistan. Furthermore, robustness check findings are analogous to the results of ARDL estimates, utilizing dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares. On the basis of the research conclusions, a multi-pronged sustainable development goal (SDG) model was proposed that addresses SDG 8 and SDG 13 while incorporating SDG 17 as a medium.

This study investigates the role of logistics capability and logistics outsourcing on the performance of manufacturing companies in Pakistan. It examines how logistics capability affects firm's performance, why outsourcing is essential and how firms benefited if they outsource the service rather than establishing their own logistics capability. This research is based on a survey using structured a questionnaire to collect the primary data. The target population is logistics specialists of manufacturing companies in Pakistan with head offices based on Karachi, that have their own logistics or outsource their logistics. The questionnaire has been distributed to 500 respondents in 113 manufacturing companies in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis has been used as statistical techniques to check the factor loading of the components, and SEM (Structural Equation Model) is used to check the impact of logistics capability on firm's performance as well as the role of logistics outsourcing as a mediator. The findings of the research suggest logistics capability has positive impact on the performance of the manufacturing companies in Pakistan, and logistics capability has also an impact on logistics outsourcing. On the other hand, the study found that logistics outsourcing has no significant impact on the manufacturing companies in Pakistan.

This paper adds to the existing body of knowledge by incorporating the role of fiscal decentralization (FD) in influencing CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study looked at the effect of FD on CO2 emissions in the presence of nonrenewable energy consumption (NRE), renewable energy consumption (REN), gross domestic product (GDP), and trade openness (TOP) for the period 1994–2018 in Japan. Thus, the current work intends to fill this knowledge gap by employing econometric techniques such as Bayer and Hanck cointegration, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and canonical cointegration regression (CCR). Additionally, the frequency domain causality analysis is used in the investigation to determine the causal impact of FD, NRE, REN, GDP, and TOP on CO2 emissions. The novelty of the frequency-domain approach is that it can differentiate between nonlinearity and causality levels and show causality among parameters with different frequencies. The DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR results reveal that NRE, GDP, and TOP augment CO2 emissions in Japan, whereas FD and REN increase the quality of the atmosphere. Furthermore, the frequency causality test results show that FD, REN, GDP, and TOP have implications for CO2 emissions in the long run, while NRE raises CO2 emissions in the medium run. As a policy direction, the current study suggests expanding renewable energy consumption in Japan by emphasizing more on Sustainable Development Goals (7, 8, and 13).

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This paper offers a new indulgence to the present literature by integrating the role of fiscal decentralization (FD) in affecting ecological footprint (EF). So, this study considered the effect of FD on EF in the existence of energy consumption (EC), technological innovation (TI), gross domestic product (GDP), and trade openness (TOP) from 1990 to 2018 in Pakistan. We employ econometric methods like Bayer & Hanck cointegration, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegration regression for empirical analysis. Moreover, the frequency domain causality test is used to conclude the causal impact of FD, EC, TI, GDP, and TOP on EF. The regression results disclose that EC, GDP, and TOP boost EF in Pakistan; however, FD and TI promote the sustainability of the environment by reducing EF. Besides, the frequency causality outcomes indicate that FD, EC, TI, GDP, and TOP have insinuations for EF in the long term. As a policy recommendation, this research suggests that Pakistan could successfully integrate strategies to increase ecological quality by allowing the lower level of government to utilize eco-friendly technological innovations.