Multi-level (ML) recording technology increases the capacity of standard compact disc (CD) and digital versatile disc (DVD) rewritable systems with no change to the optical/mechanical unit. The feasibility of applying ternary run-length-limited (3L-RLL) modulation to recording/playback on standard CD/DVD phase change discs is discussed. The use of 3L-RLL modulation increases the recording density 50% relative to conventional binary RLL (2L-RLL) modulation currently used in CD and DVD systems.
A spin transistor which consists of a metallic giant magnetoresistance emitter, a copper base, and a p-n junction was prepared on a Si(100) wafer. The emitter current changes from 1mA at a magnetically parallel state to 0.968mA at a magnetically antiparallel state. At the same states the base currents were 29.3μA and 333nA, respectively, which gave a magnetocurrent ratio of ∼8600% and a transfer ratio of 3×10−2 at room temperature for a common collector configuration. The sensitivity of this spin device is higher than 4000%∕Oe. The memory effect and the high performance make it possible for practical usage. The working principle of this kind of three-terminal spin device can be simply described by circuit theory.
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