This study is a literature review based on a number of empirical studies on the thermal conditions of elementary, junior high and high school schools, especially in Indonesia. School buildings in tropical climates are generally not specifically designed for thermal comfort. So far, school buildings have only focused on the principle of fulfilling functional needs even though thermal comfort is needed by students. On average, school students in tropical climates have a high thermal tolerance between 1ºC to 12ºC or above the standard thermal measurement (24ºC -26ºC). However, most students still expressed a hot thermal sensation and still hoped that the room temperature could be lowered. For this reason, school buildings certainly need a thermal control strategy which will also be discussed in this paper.
This study focuses on measuring the shading effect of surrounding buildings on the thermal performance of office buildings in Jakarta. It is compared with the shading effect of shading devices to optimize its use. This study uses EnergyPlus program to simulate a hypothetical 3x3block. The results showed that the H/W ratio has greater influence on building thermal performance than the surrounding building envelopes. With H/W ratio 2,7, the shading effect of surrounding buildings will be equivalent to 1,2m shading with an effective shadow angle of more than 360. For example, in a 10 floor building, the use of 1,2m shading is not required until the 8th floor based on the shadow angle in H/W ratio 2,7. At a smaller angle, the shading effect of surrounding buildings will be equal to the shading effect of shading devices with a width of less than 1,2m.
Many houses that exist on this earth. Therefore, it is necessary to have tactical and intelligent thinking in designing a home. Many things are rarely considered related to the effects of the design of building elements when related to the temperature or the energy produced. Existing background regarding efforts to reach a comfortable temperature can not only be solved in terms of mechanical systems, but the architectural approach can help and provide a comfortable effect for its inhabitants. This research was conducted to determine the level of thermal comfort or temperature in the room of a residential design that would be related to the size of energy consumption by applying several alternative designs or ceiling forms. This type of research is research using simulation methods through a computer model. The results showed the use of ceiling type Vaulted Ceiling was able to increase the Surface Inside Temperature value by 3 ° C when compared to the type of drop ceiling. The Mean Radiant Temperature value when using the ceiling vault type rises 0.6 ° C and on the acquisition of Operative, Temperature rises 0.3 ° C. The use of insulation material on the roof can significantly reduce Mean Radiant Temperature and Operative Temperature at 1.7 ° C at Mean Radiant Temperature and 0.8 ° C at Operative Temperature. Seeing the results of the simulation in this study, the recommended ceiling type is to use the drop ceiling type because it is quite capable of keeping the temperature in the room not too high so that thermal comfort can be achieved. However, if you want to apply a ceiling design with a model or type of drop ceiling, it is better to use additional insulation material so that the heat transmission temperature is not too high in the room.
The study of lighting in architectural and interior design education is diverse. It ranges from energy efficient lighting and daylighting to studies that assess the effect of illuminance upon finish materials and color interaction. This often leads to attempts to squeeze lighting into an already crowded curriculum and is compounded when efforts are made to develop complex study models of interior lighting environments. In short, there is often little time to explore these topics in adequate detail. This paper explores an alternative to the study of interior lighting environments through use of a Virtual Reality Theater. It discusses the development of one of these highly realistic virtual environments and how it is being used to introduce students to understand and interpret varying lighting scenarios of an interior environment and, as well, how it is generating a series of international research endeavors focused upon subjective impressions of interior environments. This study is grounded in the seminal work in this field initiated by such scholars as Flynn 1,2,3. It poses the question of whether or not software-generated images can accurately simulate lighting effects of the physical environment so that subjective impressions are legitimately measured. This research is used as a backdrop to this particular paper that explores the use of the Theater as an educational tool and how it offers up solutions to reducing the time to create complex study models. The use of this technology to alleviate a crowded curriculum, to explore it as an effective teaching tool, and to assess its value and limitations, remains the crux of what will be discussed herein.
This paper presents the study of the performance of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applied on vertical building envelope as overhang shading devices on energy saving. In Indonesia, where solar energy is abundant, the utilization of PV system as renewable energy is very potential, especilly in remote area. However, in the urban core of Indonesia, the utilization of PV system is not yet economically viable. In this study, six BIPV models with different design of PV panel shading devices were simulated using weather file of Jakarta, an urban core of Indonesia. The results show that installing fewer PV panel shading devices on building façade with greater distance is more effective than installing more PV panel shading device with less distance. The LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) of all models that is lower than the national grid electricity cost indicates that BIPV could be economically profitable if it is designed properly.
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