<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The seasonal snow cover and permanent ice in form of Himalayan glaciers provide fresh water to many perineal rivers of Himalayas. The melt water from seasonal snow and glaciers, especially during of 15 March to 15 June acts as important source of water for drinking, hydropower and irrigation requirements of many areas in North India. This work has highlights the use of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from RISAT-1, Sentinel-1A and 1B satellites and ALOS-PALSAR-2 PolInSAR data for snow cover and glacier dynamics study for parts of North West Himalaya. Glacier velocity was derived using InSAR based method using 6 day temporal interval images from Sentinel-1 satellites and 14 day interval for PALSAR-2 satellite. High coherence was obtained for main glacier in both the data sets, which resulted accurate line of site (LOS) glacier velocity estimates for test glaciers. These InSAR data glacier velocity results are obtained after a gap of 21 years. Glacier facies was estimated using multi-temporal SAR image composition based classification. All these maps were verified by extensive ground surveys done at these sites during 2014–2017. The time series data of C-band SAR in VV/VH polarisation was also used to map snow cover in test basins of Bhagirathi and Beas River. The VV/VH data clearly shows difference between dry and wet snow, thus helping in improved snow cover mapping using SAR data. This study will help in refining algorithms to be used for such studies using upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission.</p>

Background: Food borne diseases (FBD) are illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. The contamination can occur anywhere from farm to the plate and can lead to a variety of avoidable infectious diseases. The high prevalence of food borne illness at home could be attributed to poor food hygiene and preparation due to poor awareness of proper practices. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness and practice of food safety at home among rural population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu state.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Kelambaakam village, Kancheepuram district from November 2016 to April 2017 with a sample size of 200. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: Among the 200 study participants, 50.5% of the subjects have the knowledge regarding nutritive value getting diminished because of overcooking. Around 33% lack the knowledge of proper methods of washing vegetables. While 36% said consuming food not freshly prepared may lead to food poisoning, 23.5% have no idea about that. Around 46% consider price the most, rather than damaged packing (17%) or expiry date (19%) while purchasing food items in super market. Around 43.5% have the attitude that carbonated drinks help in food digestion.Conclusions: Community awareness through systematic teaching regarding basic food safety guidelines is necessary to avoid many food borne infectious diseases in rural areas.

Rationale: Presenting a rare case report of a giant multilobular lipoma in submandibular and submental spaces of anterior and lateral aspect of neck. Patient's Concerns: The patient's main concern was persistent diffuse swelling in right lower face and neck region for 5–6 years. Diagnosis: The lesion was diagnosed as multiple septate lipoma measuring 11.5 cm × 10.5 cm × 6.5 cm involving submandibular region and anterior triangle of the right neck following fine-needle aspiration cytology and radiological imaging. Treatment: Extraorally complete surgical excision was carried out through submandibular approach under general anesthesia. Outcomes: The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient was followed up on a monthly basis for 6 months. No recurrence was observed. The patient was satisfied with the treatment. Lessons: Lipomas should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for anterior neck swelling. Biopsy is not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment following final diagnosis through imaging modalities.

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme plays an important role in gene transcription. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases induce cell differentiation and suppress cell proliferation in tumor cells. Hydroxamates with rigid linker have displayed better inhibition profiles than those with linear and flexible aliphatic linkers. We have designed and synthesized several potential histone deacetylase inhibitors with a piperazine moiety in the linker region to test the effect of reduced linker flexibility. Inhibitors were evaluated for their inhibitory action on human HDAC3/NCoR2 and HDAC8. N-Hydroxycarboxamide derivatives (compounds 4a-d) were found to be better than N-hydroxyacetamide derivatives (compounds 6a-d) against HDAC8. Amongst the synthesized compounds, 4a (HDAC8, IC50: 3.15 microM) with no substitution in the aryl cap was the most active and promising lead for further investigations.

No abstract