It is expected that the income generated by paddy industry will increase up to 988 million per year. In order to achieve this, extension agents plays important role in educating farmers by encouraging them to learn, adopt new technologies and spread them to other farmers. To ensure the success of extension program, the agents should recognize their roles as change agents (as a catalyst, solution giver, process helper, and resource linker) and have ability to acquire competencies to accomplish these roles. Thus, this study aims to explore the level of roles among extension agents. Using a quantitative survey methodology, self-administered questionnaires measuring the roles of extension agents as change agents. A total of 117 extension agents had participated in this study. The extension agents were the officers from various agricultural departments and agencies who serve paddy farmers in Malaysia region in related to extension, marketing, financing, farmers association, production, and others. The finding showed that the level of roles among extension agents is high. Hence, the competency of extension agents in Malaysia is indeed especially as a change agents and one of the important determinants of success for agriculture industry in Malaysia. This study emphasized that in order to improve the performance of agricultural extension agents, one of the way is by getting to know their competencies, skills and abilities. The extension agents, Farmers, policy makers, researchers, academics and people working in agriculture can learn a great deal about what individuals and institutions need to do to develop farmers, personally and professionally.

The purpose of this study is to determine students' levels of self-regulated learning by adjusting Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) developed by (Pintrich et al., 1993). This study involved 436 undergraduate students. The validity of instrument used was checked by convergent validity and discriminate validity in Structural Equation Modeling. The reliability of scale was measured by internal consistency analyses whilst students' levels of self-regulated learning detected by descriptive analyses involving percentage, frequency, means, t-tests and standard deviation . As a result it can be concluded that MSLQ is recognized as a valid and reliable scale in order to examine levels of self-regulated learning among university students in Malaysia. Besides, the students' self-regulated learning strategies are found to be generally in the middle range; their highest level of skills being Effort regulation, whereas the lowest skill is Metacognitive strategies. The students' level of self-regulated learning in social sciences faculties was significantly lower than students in science faculties.

This paper explores the reasons for Malaysian youth participating in volunteering activities and examines the variables that predict their participation. The subjects used in the study were from the Department of Youth and Sports, Malaysia. A total of 251 respondents, between the ages 15 to 25 (M age = 20.2, SD = 2.7), participated in this study. Using the Social Exchange theory as a framework for this study, three main factors contributing to youth participation in volunteering activities were the perceived benefits from volunteering ("benefits") , the personal needs or fulfillment of the respondents to volunteer ("needs"), and their personal reasons for volunteering ("reasons"). Our findings showed that the "benefits" included learning to shoulder responsibility, broadening interest, fostering relationships, building teamwork spirit, and encouraging socialisation within the community setting. The "need" to volunteer was associated with the desire to unleash leadership potential and improve communication skills. Finally, the "reasons" for volunteering included using leisure time meaningfully, getting new experience, improving confidence and self-esteem, attaining emotional stability, and getting a better understanding of the realities of life. The findings indicated positive relationships between the participation and "benefits", "needs" and "reasons" to volunteer. However, "reason" was the strongest predictor of the youth becoming volunteers.

Food waste is a vast issue global, including in Malaysia. Food waste brings negative impacts, including increasing food production costs, impact on human health, and environmental degradation. Malaysian’s animal- and plant-based diet preferences affected the desired food waste decomposition method as most of the methods only allow plant-based material to be utilized as food waste compost. The objectives of this study were to understand Malaysians' awareness of food waste behaviour and the food waste component for the decomposition. Malaysians usually produce more plant-based food waste than animal-based food waste. Most Malaysians have a high awareness of causes and impact of food waste, but they lack action on food waste reduction. Bio-compost is believed to be the most effective method to manage food waste, and most of them were willing to have it at home. However, some of them are unwilling to have a compost pile at home because there is no time to take care of it.

The purpose of the paper is to examine the engagement of youth in volunteerism and looks at the belief factor underlying youth participation in volunteering activities. Data were collected from the respondents using personally administered questionnaires. A survey was carried out from May to September 2013 involving 342 randomly selected respondents. The respondents ages between 15-40 years (M age = 24.8, SD = 4.7). The results indicated 69.9% (M=2.6930, SD=.47446) of the respondents attributed their participation in volunteerism to the belief factor. The level of belief in volunteering was high among youths. However, it should be noted that the factor may vary according to the needs of each individual. Only 0.6% of the youths had low belief in volunteering activities. The findings of the present study might be useful to volunteer organizations in helping them design interventions to boost volunteerism.