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The aim of this article is to identify the risk and the likelihood of potential consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business insurance market in the medium- and long-term horizon. The first section of this elaboration presents the theoretical approach connected with the nature of the pandemic. The second section outlines the presentation of the COVID-19 measurement rules and the third describes the potential effects of COVID-19 on the insurance market. Contrary to other elaborations on this topic which have appeared so far (these are mostly reports describing the financial market in short- and long-term horizons), here, the authors present the medium-term horizon as well. The possible consequences of COVID-19 are outlined both in relation to the insurance company client, e.g., change in the amount of the insurance premium under the insurance agreement, as well as in relation to the insurer, e.g., appearance of innovative and competitive offers (Trott’s concept Special attention has been paid to the way in which the insurer’s strategy (scenario analysis) may be used to build resilience to other crises as well as to the planning of emergency solutions. Actual events confirm the hypothesis that changes in the business insurance market dominated the losses in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Podejmując próbę przedstawienia funkcjonowania ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w dobie COVID-19, kwestią zasadniczą pozostaje przeanalizowanie specyfiki funkcjonowania rynku ubezpieczeń gospodarczych, jak i zachowań klientów na tym rynku (wyzwań oraz zagrożeń), gdzie relacje pomiędzy tymi podmiotami podlegają szczególnym uwarunkowaniom rynkowym i rządzą się własnymi regułami. Mając to na uwadze, w niniejszej monografii autorzy przeanalizowali otoczenie rynku ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w dobie pandemii COVID-19 zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie. Nakreślili politykę ubezpieczeń, wykorzystywaną w budowaniu odporności na kryzysy, pamiętając o planowaniu działań awaryjnych. Tym samym, niniejsze opracowanie poświęcone jest prezentacji funkcjonowania ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w dobie pandemii – COVID-19 w Polsce i na świecie, przez pryzmat: zachowań klienta na tym rynku, sytuacji ekonomicznej poszczególnych państw, jak też samego rynku ubezpieczeń Działu II, z naciskiem na ubezpieczenia komunikacyjne. Pandemia COVID-19 spowodowała uruchomienie wielu procesów, które mogą stanowić wyzwanie dla rynku ubezpieczeniowego zarówno w Polsce, jaki na świecie. W zamierzeniu autorów tak sformułowany cel pracy może stać się przyczynkiem do debaty naukowej na temat wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na rynek ubezpieczeń gospodarczych i na poszczególne obszary jego funkcjonowania. Opracowanie skupia się na następujących obszarach: stopniu przenoszenia choroby, gospodarczych i finansowych skutkach COVID-19 dla rynku ubezpieczeń gospodarczych na świecie oraz w Polsce, a także na społeczno-ekonomicznych konsekwencjach wprowadzenia lockdown-u. Analiza została oparta na faktycznym rozwoju sytuacji w stosunku do budowanych scenariuszy wobec pandemii sprzed COVID-19, czyli opartych na epidemii SARS z 2002 r. oraz pandemii grypy w Hiszpanii w 1918 r. Wartością dodaną monografii jest analiza, w dobie pandemii COVID-19, z jednej strony sektora ubezpieczeń gospodarczych, z drugiej – wzajemnych relacji na linii klient – zakład ubezpieczeń. Ponadto, zaletę publikacji stanowi fakt, że jest jedną z pierwszych na rynku krajowym, która prezentuje zachowania ubezpieczycieli w dobie pandemii COVID-19.

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Communes are a place of both economic activity and creation development. They have autonomy in making decisions in the fields of financial, human, and material resources. This research was carried out with the use of a synthetic measure. The aim was to show the impact of financial variables on the development process of rural communes in eastern Poland. The data were collected in spatial terms for 484 rural communes from the region of eastern Poland. The choice of variables was conditioned by the availability of GUS data for the period 2009–2018. The distribution of the evaluation of the development and financial situation of rural communes in eastern Poland was spatially polarized. The reason for the low impact of financial conditions on the development of rural communes in eastern Poland is their dependence on income transferred from the state budget. This stiffens and at the same time stabilizes the financial economy, making it relatively insensitive to the influence of other factors. Low independence can be a significant barrier to future local development. Finance and the economy are intertwined. Actions taken with respect to these must be based on analyses that facilitate making the right decisions.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the level of individuated customer knowledge and the quality of customer service in the motor insurance sector using the Servqual method. Based on the above objective, the author has accepted the thesis that knowledge is an important factor influencing the increase of quality of services provided in the motor insurance sector. In the article the author used the knowledge in the literature and conducted the analysis of statistical data on a selected group of respondents in the area of Podkarpackie and Lubelskie Province in the years 2015-2016.

When dealing with it was found that the financial education increases substantially the economic knowledge to build awareness and competence of the younger generation and therefore the dissemination of this knowledge. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of the knowledge economy in the growth of the build awareness and competence of the students in the management of finances in the current, constantly changing environment. Design development was subject to the hypothesis in accordance with that -there is a relationship of the knowledge economy and the increase of awareness and competence of the younger generation in achieving financial stability and their independence. This problem will be implemented using the analysis of the state of the knowledge economy university students of Rzeszów on individual economic areas. Method applied research area is anonymous questionnaire survey addressed directly using a survey to students study desktop and portable exams I and II degree.

One of important factors of attractiveness of a region is its natural environment, namely a set of natural elements which are of interest to a tourist. In terms of economy, it is a source of raw materials and energy, it ensures geographical space, business opportunities and a place to live and relax. The aim of the research included in this article is to indicate the possibility of using synthetic measurement to recognize spatial disparities of the natural environment on the basis of selected diagnostic features of 102 municipalities of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The data presented in this article refer to 2009, 2012 and 2015 and come from the Local Data Bank. The following variables were selected: the total use of household water per one inhabitant, the distribution network per 100 km2 - water pipe system, the distribution network per 100 km2 – sewage system, woodland area, areas protected by law, protected monuments. The elements indicated refer to entities which function and operate in a territorial unit. The methods presented enable us to identify areas of human life (or human impact on the environment) of higher/lower efficiency (which depends on the level of synthetic measure) and, then, programme their support from public funds within the framework of the regional policy.