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Land price sustainability issues have been addressed by many authors in the past. Most of these researchers used land prices (from land price maps) as the primary data source in their studies. Only a few papers analysed official land price maps, which are available very rarely. For this reason, we studied the spatial and temporal changes of land prices in the city of Olomouc based in an analysis of official land price maps from 1993 to 2017. We proposed several research hypotheses to confirm some general statements about land price changes. We concluded that some economic indicators had a significant impact on changes in land prices. In the residential and commercial areas and historical centre, land prices are significantly higher than in other monitored aspects (land-use types). We also concluded that no link existed between land-use stability and land price stability. Surprisingly, no long-term stable areas were found in the area of interest. The analysis also confirmed that land price and its change over time varied in different spatial aspects. Unexpectedly, the smallest influence was reflected in the economic aspect. Regarding natural events in recent decades, we observed a significant drop in land prices in the vicinity of watercourses threatened by flooding. These findings can assist in better understanding local development and changes in land price. The results of this study can help in gaining better understanding of economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainability of land price changes.

Background and Purpose: Currently, the idea of households - prosumers is broadly discussed in public governments, mainly in connection with both the energy security issues and the environmental issues. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to present new agent model of household - prosumer and to compare two scenarios – “off grid household” and “on grid household”. The additional goal is to evaluate the impact of public support of solar electricity on the economic efficiency of household – prosumer projects (systems).Design/Methodology/Approach: The model is structured as a micro-level agent model, representing one household – prosumer. The model has the following general characteristics: one household with own electricity generation (photovoltaic panels), battery and in case of “on grid household” also connection to the grid. The main goal of the agent is to cover electricity consumption in household with minimal costs. The agent model of prosumer is tested and validated, using the empirical data.Results: The highest level of subsidy has significant impact on the economic indicators of selected scenarios. It causes lower investment costs at the beginning of the project and consequently shorter payback period (3-4 years earlier), positive cumulative cash flow, net present value and IRR in earlier period (approximately 5-10 years earlier, depending on the scenario).Conclusion: We can recommend to the government to continue with current system of subsidies, since it contributes to better economic indicators of particular solar electricity projects. On the other hand, the level of subsidy should be at least the same as in current year 2017, for the purposes of representing the significant part of the investment costs. Low level of subsidy has negligible impact on the economic indicators of households – prosumers projects. The developed agent model is suitable for the evaluation of economic impact of public support on households – prosumers.

The main goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of the relationships among selected indicators of economic activity of regions (GDP, unemployment) and regional tax revenues obtained from taxes imposed on economic activity (VAT, income taxation) in the Czech Republic, with a detailed analysis of VAT. Our methodology is based on correlation analysis (both the Pearson's and the Spearman's correlation coefficients) using data from the official statistics of the Czech Republic. The main idea of the paper is that regional tax revenues should give us a picture of the economic activity of companies, residents and entrepreneurs in these regions. Based on the results, we can say that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between regional VAT revenues and the value of regional GDP, and a statistically significant negative relationship between regional income taxes revenues and regional unemployment.

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Currently, the population ageing is one of the greatest economic, social and environmental challenges facing all EU countries. For this reason, the main goal of this study is analysis of the population ageing and its economic aspects. As the main method we used particular instruments of economic and spatial analysis. As the first step, we evaluated the consumption behavior of seniors. In the next step, a spatial analysis of population ageing in the territory of the Olomouc region was processed, models of demographic projection were used to estimate the number of seniors in future years. This information was connected with social services facilities for seniorsthe current capacities, the number of candidates and the ratio of refusals are evaluated. Based on this results, an estimation of possible changes needed in the area of social services in the region was presented. At the same time, the riskiest areas of the region were defined regarding the ratio of the seniors to the social services offered. Finally, the Urban Planner model was used to analyse areas for identifying suitable locations for a new social service facility in accordance with urban planning.

Jar mi la Zim mer man no vá, Minis ter stvo život ní ho pro støe dí ÈR Úvod "Sta rá daò je dob rá daò, ne bo li èím je daò star ší, tím vìt ší ru ti na v použití této danì nastá vá a tím vìt ší je prav dì po dob nost, že daò bude po kra èo vat ve své exis ten ci." (Bucha nan, 1998, s. 66) Do této vìty shr nul no si tel No be lo vy ceny Ja mes M. Bucha nan celý pro blém zmì ny daòo vé ho sys té mu èi za vá dì ní no vých daní. Stá va jí cí da òo vý sys tém vìt ši nou ni ko mu pøí -liš ne va dí, ob èa né už si na nìj jed no du še zvyk li. Po kud do chá zí k nì ja ké zmì nì, vy vo lá to ne li bost a od por spo leè nos ti vùèi novému zdanìní èi novému systému zdanìní. Èes ká re pub li ka ta ko vou zmì nu pro ved la a za ved la od 1. led na 2008 nové zda nì ní elek tøi ny, pev ných pa liv a zem ní ho ply nu. Toto zda nì ní vy chá zí ze smìr ni ce 2003/96/ES, o zda nì ní pa liv a elek tric ké ener gie, kte rá har mo ni zu je ener ge tic ké danì v rám ci celé Ev rop ské unie a sta no ví mi ni mál ní sazby daní, kte ré musí èlen ské stá ty dosáh nout. Svou po va hou jsou tyto nové danì da nì mi spo tøeb ní mi, dále jsou rov nìž nazývány danìmi energetickými èi danìmi ekologickými.OECD ve své da ta bá zi Danì s vaz bou na život ní pro støe dí (En vi ron men tal ly Re la ted Ta xes) de fi nu je eko lo gic ké danì pro úèe ly je jich evi den ce jako "po vin né plat by stá tu bez kom pen za ce pro ti službou, uva le né na da òo vé zá kla dy považova né za zvláš• re levant ní ve vzta hu k život ní mu pro støe dí". V da òo vé sta tis ti ce OECD se za Èes kou re publi ku do sud vy ka zo va ly jako eko lo gic ké danì všech ny po plat ky k ochra nì život ní ho pro støe dí, re gis traè ní po pla tek za re gis tra ci v sys té mu sbì ru oba lù, po pla tek za vjezd mo to ro vých vo zi del, dál niè ní znám ka, mýt né, sil niè ní daò a spo tøeb ní danì z uh lo vo dí -ko vých pa liv a ma ziv (OECD, 2006). Od 1. led na 2008 budou jako ekologické vykazovány i nové spotøební danì z elektøiny, pevných paliv a zemního plynu.Pøi pro ce su pøí pra vy nové le gisla ti vy, kte rá byla vy dá na ve Sbír ce zá ko nù Èes ké repub li ky jako zá kon è. 261/2007 Sb., o sta bi li za ci ve øej ných roz poètù, vy stu po va ly podni ky a je jich sdružení pro ti no vým da ním dost ostøe s ar gu men tem, že do jde k vý raz né mu zvý še ní cen v rám ci od vìt ví ná rod ní ho hos po dáø ství a tím ke snížení me ziná rod ní kon ku ren ce schop nos ti èes kých pod ni kù. Tato ar gu men ta ce byla pr vot ním impul sem pro pro po èí tá ní oèe ká va ných do pa dù no vých eko lo gic kých daní na ceny produkce pro jednotlivé sektory OKEÈ.Hlav ním cí lem to ho to pøí spìv ku je pøed sta vit vy tvo øe ný krát ko do bý ce no vý mo del pro Èes kou re pub li ku a uvést hlav ní vý sled ky ana lý zy ne pøí mých me zi od vìt vo vých dopa dù zda nì ní elek tøi ny, pev ných pa liv a zem ní ho ply nu na ceny pro duk ce u 24 sek to rù OKEÈ v Èes ké re pub li ce. Po rov ná ny bu dou rov nìž dvì roz díl né va ri an ty zda nì ní, jedna z nich je tzv. ma xi ma lis tic ká, tj. ne b...

The main goal of this contribution is to evaluate the development of CO2 emissions and selected economic indicators of EU28 countries in the period from 2005 to 2015, and to capture geographical pattern and spatial distribution of countries emitting pollution. This will be performed within the context of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), which has represented a major scheme in Europe to cope with CO2 emissions since 2005. The actual situation in the field of the EU ETS is described and key scientific studies focusing on the EU ETS are presented. Based on a broad set of indicators we examine and evaluate possible geographical pattern in the development of selected indicators within the EU and provide detailed spatial analysis of economic and environmental data of EU28 countries, with the use of (geo)visual analysis of spatial data and spatial statistics (grouping analysis). The preliminary results of the (geo)visual analysis show that CO2 emissions within EU countries were decreasing in the selected period 2005–2015, with some exceptions (e.g. Iceland and Latvia). As the development of CO2 emissions in all EU countries is not similar, the other economic and environmental indicators were included (e.g. GDP, Investments) into the analysis in order to reveal a common (geographical) pattern and explain the current situation. Based on grouping/cluster analysis, it is possible to form territorial groups of EU states with similar development, which are almost perfectly in the line with current EU member states strategies of CO2 emissions trade. The current auction markets are well in tune with geographical and economic characteristics of particular EU countries. Results of grouping analysis of all indicators in 2015 using six K-nearest neighbours underline current separate auction markets for Germany, the United Kingdom and Poland.It indicates that the system of emission auctions has logical background and the markets represent natural platforms for emission trading, corresponding to both economic and spatial characteristics of particular countries/polluters. Presented approach thus brings valuable information for policymakers both on the national and international level for the next phases of EU ETS scheme planning.