Technological advances have demonstrated the need for intellectual property rights, and patent granting is one of its most widespread forms. This includes the protection of inoculant formulations for agriculture, in which Brazil is a leader. This study aimed to analyze the number of patents for formulations of biological inoculants for agriculture in Brazil and the microorganisms used. An advanced search was performed in the National Institute of Industrial Property database, using the title and abstract fields. The indexers included inoculant, bioinoculant, endophyte, endophytic, fungus, bacteria, Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Gluconacetobacter. The inoculant formulation patents were grouped by the number of files per decade, number of patents per holder(s), characterization of granted patents, international patent classification, and main genera of fungi and bacteria used in inoculant formulations per decade. The number of patents filed for inoculant formulations in the last four decades increased from 7 in the first decade (1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) to 37 from 2011-2020. In the first decades of study, the use of Rhizobium in inoculants stood out, followed by other genera of fungi and bacteria. However, most inoculant patent applications are still denied, considering data from 1981 to 2020. This may be partially due to the low reproducibility of inoculant results, as microorganism activity is highly affected by climate, soil, plant cultivars and crop management. The percentage of acceptance equal to or higher than 50 % in the number of applied patents for using endophytic microorganisms may be because this group of microorganisms acts mainly inside plants and is thus more protected from the influence of climate and some soil and management factors. The growing number of patent applications in the last 40 years demonstrates the business and technological development interest in inoculants in Brazil.

ResumoEste estudo relata a primeira ocorrência de Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) como parasitóide de Ornidia obesa Fabricius (Diptera: Syrphidae) encontrado em granjas de aves poedeiras em Morrrinhos, Goiás, Brasil. Amostras de fezes de galinha foram coletadas em intervalos de duas semanas de sua exposição, levadas para o laboratório para extração das pupas pelo método de flotação. As pupas foram individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina e mantidas até a emergência dos dípteros e/ou parasitóides. A porcentagem de parasitismo foi de 9,5%. Palavras-chave: Hymenoptera, fezes de galinha, inimigo natural, controle biológico, Goiás AbstractThis study reports, for the first time, the occurrence of Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as parasitoid of Ornidia obesa Fabricius (Diptera: Syrphidae) in poultry farms in Morrinhos, Goiás, Brazil. Manure chicken samples, collected at two weeks intervals, were taken to the laboratory and the pupae were extracted by water flotation. Each pupa was placed in capsules of gelatin until the emergence of dipterous or their parasitoids. The parasitism percentage was 9.5%.

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The objectives of this study were to develop strategies and methodologies for the conservation of wild species and of landraces and to encourage local farmers to become involved, in a participatory manner, in the conservation of genetic resources associated with their traditional agroecosystems in the Peneda-Geres area and to evaluate the potential genetic erosion, through the re-collecting, and through the morphological and molecular characterization. The target species were: maize (Zea mays), rye (Secale cereale) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The cultivation of maize, common bean and rye populations' landraces was proven to be an important income for the farmers of this region and continues to be important for maintaining natural and unique landscapes, imparting a profile to the region and the protected area, allowing their use and promoting tourist activities.