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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces omiyaensis SCH2. The chemical constituents of the extract were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Secondary metabolites from S. omiyaensis were produced by submerge fermentation using ISP2 medium with 3% NaCl (w/v) for 21 days. The culture filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate. The chemical constituents were detected in the GC-MS analysis. Antibacterial activity was performed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the reducing power capacity and free radical scavenging assays.Results: The GC-MS analysis of the SCH2 extract revealed the presence of four compounds. The main constituents were 2-phenylacetamide (79%). The extract exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against some pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis. In addition, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (IC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values of extract were obtained for E. cloacae (0.125 and 4 mg/ml). The extract showed antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 2.078.13±24.58 μg/ml and 475.74±4.56 μg/ml for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] assays, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power value of extract was 110.36±1.75 mmol FeSO4.7H2O/g extract.Conclusion: This study indicated that S. omiyaensis extract possesses antibacterial and antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of major chemical constituents, acetamide, and pyrrolopyrazine which could be responsible for the biological activities. S. omiyaensis extract could be used as a potential of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents for pharmaceutical and medical applications.

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Introduction: In eastern Thailand, Amomum verum and Cinnamomum parthenoxylon are native plants used by local communities for their medical and culinary properties. This study determined the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from A. verum shoots (AVSEO) and C. parthenoxylon wood (CPW-EO). Methods: Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and broth microdilution assay. The cytotoxic activity of the essential oils was assessed against the human prostate adenocarcinoma (DU145) cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The expression of antioxidant genes in the DU145 cells was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: 1,8-Cineole was the main component in AVS-EO and CPW-EO with 84.38, and 45.65 %, respectively. AVS-EO had stronger antimicrobial activity than CPW-EO. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) values of AVSEO against Candida albicans were 0.3125 and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Both essential oils had timedependent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on the DU145 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. CPW-EO had high antioxidant activity toward DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 4.528±0.233 and 0.045±0.007 mg/mL, respectively. The two essential oils up-regulated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) mRNA expression in the oxidative stress response of DU145 cells. Conclusion: AVS-EO and CPW-EO might be added as natural ingredients in food or dietary supplement products for the benefit of microbial and prostate cancer inhibition.

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The in vitro biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate from Streptomyces achromogenes TCH4 (TCH4 extract) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate extract of TCH4 produced a bacteriostatic effect against Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The extract had bactericidal activity against S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. aureus (MRSA) and K. pneumoniae with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values in the range of 500-1000 ?g/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in TCH4 were 107.20?2.57 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 44.91?0.84 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g of dry extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical (IC50 299.64?6.83 ?g/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging (IC50 65.53?0.95 ?g/mL), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (822.76?9.12 mM FeSO4.7H2O/g dry extract) assays. TCH4 exhibited cytotoxic activity in the DU-145 cell line (IC50 9.36?0.37 ?g/mL). Analysis of extract constituents by GC-MS revealed pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) (36.85%), benzeneacetamide (23.76%), and deferoxamine (12.85%) as the major compounds, which have been reported to possess pharmaceutical properties. S. achromogenes TCH4 could be a potential source of bioactive metabolites with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities for pharmaceutical applications.

Objective: Aims of this study were to (1) compare anti-proliferative activity between aqueous and ethanol Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extracts in both cancer (Human urinary bladder cancer cell, T24) and normal cell lines (Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC). (2) confirm selective cytotoxicity of ethanol KP extract to normal and different cancer cell lines (3) investigate its cellular mechanism through p53 and SIRT1 gene expression. Methods: Phytochemical difference between aqueous and ethanol extract was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Screening for cytotoxic activity in human cell lines was performed by cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. P53 and SIRT1 gene expression were quantified using RT-PCR. Results: Results from the cell viability assay were shown as follows: (1) ethanol extract possessed higher toxicity to cancerous cells than aqueous extract (2) ethanol extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity to cancerous cells than normal cells (3) ethanol extract also showed cytotoxicity, with different levels, to three prostate cancer cell lines varying in aggressiveness. (4) ethanol KP extract induced cell death in T24 via p53 gene expression and prolonged cell survival in HUVEC through SIRT1 gene expression. Conclusion: These findings implied that ethanol KP extract might possibly be an alternative for cancer adjuvant therapy through the mechanism of selective p53 and SIRT1 gene expression.