Objectives-To determine optimal hand-grip strength cut-points for increased likelihood for mobility limitation among older people and to study whether these cut-points differ according to body mass index (BMI).Design and setting-Cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the Finnish population-based Health 2000 Survey.Participants and measurements-1 084 men and 1 562 women aged 55 years and older with complete data on anthropometry, hand-grip strength and self-reported mobility. Mobility limitation was defined as difficulties in walking 0.5-km or climbing stairs. Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was used to estimate hand-grip strength cut-points for increased likelihood for mobility limitation.Results-The overall hand-grip strength cut-points for increased likelihood for mobility limitation were 37 kg (sensitivity 62% and specificity 76%) for men and 21 kg (67% and 73%) for women. Hand-grip strength by BMI interaction on mobility limitation was significant among men (p = 0.022), while no such interaction was observed among women (p = 0.156). Among men, most optimal cut-offs were 33 kg (73% and 79%) for normal-weight men, 39 kg (67% and 71%) for overweight men and 40 kg (57% and 68%) for obese men. Among women, BMI-specific handgrip strength cut-off values did not markedly increase accuracy over the overall cut-off value.Conclusion-Hand-grip strength test is a useful tool to identify persons with increased risk for mobility limitation. Among men, the hand-grip strength cut-points for mobility increased along with BMI, while among women only one hand-grip strength threshold was identified.
Physical activity recommendations for public health include typically muscle-strengthening activities for a minimum of 2 days a week. The range of interindividual variation in responses to resistance training (RT) aiming to improve health and well-being requires to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to quantify high and low responders for RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength and to examine possible effects of age and sex on these responses. Previously collected data of untrained healthy men and women (age 19 to 78 years, n = 287 with 72 controls) were pooled for the present study. Muscle size and strength changed during RT are 4.8 ± 6.1 % (range from −11 to 30 %) and 21.1 ± 11.5 % (range from −8 to 60 %) compared to pre-RT, respectively. Age and sex did not affect to the RT responses. Fourteen percent and 12 % of the subjects were defined as high responders (>1 standard deviation (SD) from the group mean) for the RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. When taking into account the results of nontraining controls (upper 95 % CI), 29 and 7 % of the subjects were defined as low responders for the RTinduced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. The muscle size and strength responses varied extensively between the subjects regardless of subject's age and sex. Whether these changes are associated with, e.g., functional capacity and metabolic health improvements due to RT requires further studies.
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