One of the components of a highly effective management system is operational controlling at the enterprise. At the same time, the most important indicator characterising the efficiency of the functioning of the enterprise and, accordingly, subject to controlling is its solvency, which affects the level of competitiveness of the enterprise and the efficiency of its adaptation to the changing conditions of the market environment. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to modernize the procedure of financial controlling based on the development of an integral model for determining and analysing the transformational solvency index. The article forms a universal model of financial condition assessment, in which all threshold values of the coefficients, calculated according to existing methods of financial stability assessment, are reduced to one scale and the accumulated impact of indicator values for previous periods of economic activity is taken into account.On the basis of the correlation analysis, the nature and strength of the dependence of the transformational solvency index on the factors influencing its formation and causing tendentious trends in the dynamics of its change during a certain period are determined.
Abstract. Introduction. The issues of strengthening Ukraine's energy security are related to addressing the insufficient understating of its essence, nature and criteria for assessing the vulnerability of the national economy. The need to improve the existing methodology for calculating the overall performance of energy security assessment is considered to be relevant due to the insufficient level of research on related issues and inconsistency of individual aspects. The composite fuel poverty index by region provides information on energy efficiency of households in different regions and helps to assess the level of poverty of the regions derived from the analysis of the consumption of fuel and energy resources by households in the regions, the pricing policy in Ukraine's energy market, as well as the income and expenditure level of households. The purpose is to develop a methodology for determining the composite fuel poverty index by region, revealing the principal factors of its formation, and to identify ways of improving the country's social and economic security in the context of energy market deregulation. The results of the study reveal indicators that allow assessing the consumption of fuel and energy resources by households by region in qualitative and quantitative terms, taking into account the nonlinearity of economic processes in the context of economic transformation. The problems relating to the implementation of social and economic policy of the state are revealed in the context of the Ukrainian energy market deregulation. The authors of the research have developed an analytical model of the energy inefficiency of Ukrainian regions, as well as a model for estimating the fuel poverty index of relevant regions (FPI i ) by using the monetary poverty indicator P i and the energy inefficiency indicator I ci , i.e. the cost of all energy resources consumed by average households of a region calculated as a unit area. In the 2012-2016 period, the fuel poverty index was established in the range from 0.5 to 0.65. However, the index fluctuations are affected to a great extent by increases in prices on fuel and energy resources, with a high value of the index being indicative of a low level of personal income and high expenditures on fuel and energy resources for Ukrainian households. Conclusion. The calculation of the composite fuel poverty index makes it possible to determine the regions with low incomes and high energy consumption with regard to 1 sq.m of household area. The proposed methodology can become an integral part of the analytical assessment of regions' energy security. The calculation results for Ukraine show that the share of fuel and energy costs as part of household costs exceeded 10% of households' income threshold for 2012-2016, resulting in low living standards of the population and hardship in meeting basic needs. Further increase in fuel and energy prices will bring about an increase in social tension. 51Інтегральний індекс «енергетичної бідності» як засіб оцінки енергетичної безпеки ...
Within the framework of external relations policy as a subject of international law, the European Union has the right to negotiate, conclude, amend and terminate international agreements on its own behalf, i.e., it has competences granted on it in this area by the Treaties. International agreements concluded at European level are results of an agreement between parties and belong to the sources of European Union Law. Current practice in concluding international agreements at the level of the European Union proves that trade and investment agreements contain provisions concerning civil society, labor relations andenvironment. The scientific study opens a discussion on a new model of international agreements which, in addition to trade relations, contain provisions on the social status of employees of the parties and on sustainable development. This new model of international treaties is supported by all Member States. The systems analysis shows that the European Union no longer acts as an economic-integration grouping towards third countries, but as an international organization that takes into account high level of environmental protection and the protection of employees' industrial relations.
Our paper focuses on one way of internationalization of small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) -their acquisitions by multinational companies. We address the question if the development of the companies established in CEE as start-ups (many of them first as micro-companies created literally in the living rooms) has been developed enough to become attractive acquisition target for multinational companies (MNCs) as open innovation resources. The basis for our work is the literature review of the available research. Unfortunately, conclusive, or large-scale studies about CEE SMEs and startups as open innovation sources are currently not existing. Therefore we have first focused on the single-country studies or research on open innovation from CEE: we use secondary data to draw a theoretical picture, explain the background and relations between the innovations, acquisitions and SMEs´activity based on the experience and studies from CEE.
Small and medium enterprises are a very important part of each economy; they are key element in providing jobs and ensure prosperity of local and regional communities. Development of small and medium enterprises is among the priorities of the economic policy of SR since the transition to a market economy, when this segment began to build almost from scratch. Funding is very important for further development of SMEs. One of main priorities of EU is better and easier access to capital which can be achieved by guarantees and venture capitals and by simplification of rules for greater Access of SMEs to EU funds and by greater and easier Access for SMEs to internet data on financing opportunities and in their own language. The objective of this paper is to analyze the position of SMEs in the economy of Slovak Republic particularly with regard to satisfy their financial needs. We will focus on the main EU initiatives in the better access of SMEs to finance.
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