This study tested the differential effects of two different types of cuts (related and unrelated) on attention, capacity, and audio and visual memory for the information contained in television messages. Related cuts were related by either visual or audio information. Unrelated cuts occurred between two completely unrelated scenes. Unrelated cuts were always associated with a change in content. Related scenes were never associated with a change in content. Results showed that both related and unrelated cuts resulted in cardiac orienting responses. Reaction times were slower immediately following unrelated cuts than when following related cuts, indicating that processing unrelated cuts required more capacity than processing related cuts. Memory was better for information presented after related cuts than it was for information presented after unrelated cuts. This effect was greater for visual memory than for audio memory. These results add to the growing body of knowledge on how people process television.
This mail survey of 136 public relations practitioners in Washington State reveals that public relations tasks are most easily sorted into two — those of manager or technician. Factor analysis suggests that earlier study divisions into four distinct roles are hard to defend because of role overlap. This study suggests the need to rework the Broom and Smith public relations role scale.
Focusing on the function played by individuals in public relations organizations, this study tested an updated version of James Grunig's indices for public relations models, a measure that compares, among other things, whether communication is more one- or two-way. A sample of 136 public relations professionals, surveyed in Washington State, demonstrated two clear functions for one- and two-way communication. The study finds limited support for Grunig's indices but suggests rewriting some measure items and adding new items to improve the indices.
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