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This tutorial review focuses on the rearrangement of b-amino alcohols via aziridinium intermediates. It covers the literature from 1947 to January 2009 (55 references). The rearrangement of b-amino alcohols can be performed by activation of the hydroxy group followed by the addition of nucleophiles (Nu). In most examples, an aziridinium intermediate is involved in the rearrangement. The ratio of amines resulting from the attack of nucleophiles at either the C-1 or C-2 position of the aziridinium intermediate, depends on the nature of the nucleophiles and the R 2 substituent. In some cases, solvent as well as temperature can influence the ratio of amines.Aziridines have been extensively used as useful building blocks. 1,2 The control of the regio-and stereoselectivity in the opening of aziridines provides convenient access to chiral nitrogen-containing compounds. [3][4][5][6] Although N,N-dialkyl aziridiniums are stronger electrophiles than neutral aziridines, their use as key intermediates in organic synthesis is rare. [7][8][9] Aziridiniums, generally obtained through activation of b-amino alcohols, can be opened by a wide range of nucleophiles with or without rearrangement depending on the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack.This review covers only the rearrangement of b-amino alcohols of type A, B, and C (Fig. 1) as the rearrangement of prolinols of type D has been recently covered. 10

The Ritter reaction is a method of choice for the production of amides, which are versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and compounds of interest in natural product synthesis. Recent efforts have been directed towards the development of catalytic versions for the development of more eco‐friendly synthetic routes to amides. This review summarizes the recent progress in this area and covers new applications in the field of Ritter‐type and multicomponent reactions.

Cobalt, the catalyst of choice: The diastereoselective cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling of 1-bromo glycosides and aryl or vinyl Grignard reagents is described. A convenient and inexpensive catalyst, [Co(acac)(3)]/tmeda (acac = acetylacetonate, tmeda = N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), gives full α selectivity in the mannose and galactose series, and an α selectivity in the glucose series with α/β ratios of 1.3:1-3:1.

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Activation of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds by means of transition metal catalysts is an exceptionally active research field in organic synthesis. In this context, due to their high ring strain, cyclopropenes constitute an interesting class of substrates that displays a versatile reactivity in the presence of transition metal catalysts. Metal complexes of vinyl carbenes are involved as key intermediates in a wide variety of transition metal-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropenes. Most of the reported transformations rely on intermolecular or intramolecular addition of nucleophiles to these latter reactive species. This Account focuses specifically on the reactivity of carbenoids resulting from the ring-opening of cyclopropenes in cyclopropanation and C-H insertion reactions, which are arguably two of the most representative transformations of metal complexes of carbenes. Compared with the more conventional α-diazo carbonyl compounds, the use of cyclopropenes as precursors of metal carbenoids in intramolecular cyclopropanation or C-H insertion reactions has been largely underexploited. One of the challenges is to devise appropriately substituted and readily available cyclopropenes that would not only undergo regioselective ring-opening under mild conditions but also trigger the subsequent desired transformations with a high level of chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity. These goals were met by considering several substrates derived from the readily available 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols or 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinyl amines. In the case of 1,6-cyclopropene-enes, highly efficient and diastereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed ring-opening/intramolecular cyclopropanations were developed as a route to diversely substituted heterocycles and carbocycles possessing a bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane framework. The use of rhodium(II) catalysts enabled us to widen the scope of this transformation for the synthesis of medium-sized heterocyclic scaffolds incorporating an eight-membered ring. The reactivity of rhodium(II) carbenoids generated from 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols was also investigated in intramolecular C(sp(3))-H insertions. Despite their low electrophilic character, these purely donor rhodium(II) carbenoids underwent remarkably efficient diastereoselective 1,5- or 1,6-C-H insertions allowing access to a wide variety of substituted cyclopentanols, cyclohexanols, bicycloalkanols, and tetrahydropyrans with high level of diastereoselectivity and with complete tolerance of a free hydroxyl group. The products arising from the gold(I)- or rhodium(II)-catalyzed ring-opening/intramolecular cyclopropanation or C-H insertion of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinols or 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenylcarbinyl amines always incorporate an isopropylidene moiety, which can potentially undergo subsequent oxidative cleavage into a carbonyl group without epimerization. By virtue of this operation, the 3,3-dimethylcyclopropenyl group formally behaves as a valuable surrogate for an α-diazoketone, with obvious advantages cons...

For the first time, intramolecular allylic amination was conducted using rhodium(III) according to an "inner-sphere" type mechanism with amines activated by only one electron-withdrawing group. The activation of C(sp(3))-H bonds was chemoselective and allows the access to a variety of substituted cyclic amines such as pyrrolidines and piperidines.