Background School personnel in contact with students with life-threatening allergies often lack necessary supports, creating a potentially dangerous situation. Sabrina’s Law, the first legislation in the world designed to protect such children, requires all Ontario public schools to have a plan to protect children at risk. Though it has captured international attention, the differences a legislative approach makes have not been identified. Our study compared the approaches to anaphylaxis prevention and management in schools with and without legislation. Methods Legislated (Ontario) and non-legislated (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec) environments were compared. School board anaphylaxis policies were assessed for consistency with Canadian anaphylaxis guidelines. Parents of at-risk children and school personnel were surveyed to determine their perspectives on school practices. School personnel’s EpiPen technique was assessed. Results Consistency of school board policies with anaphylaxis guidelines was significantly better in a legislated environment (p=0.009). Parents in a legislated environment reported more comprehensive anaphylaxis emergency forms (p< 0.001), while school personnel in non-legislated environments reported more comprehensive forms (p=0.004). Despite school personnel in both environments receiving EpiPen training (>80%), suboptimal technique was commonly observed. However, school personnel in the legislated environment had better technique (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that school boards in legislated environments have made greater efforts to support students at-risk for anaphylaxis compared to non-legislated environments. However, significant gaps exist in both environments, especially with respect to EpiPen administration, content and distribution of anaphylaxis emergency forms, and awareness of school procedures by school personnel and parents.
This study examined the relationship between young adolescent girls' feelings of closeness to mother and father and the ages at which they expected to make certain transitions to adult life, including becoming sexually active, marrying, becoming a mother, establishing an independent residence, completing education, and beginning to work full-time. Interviews with 106 girls (13-17 years of age) from a rural school district were conducted. Results indicated that the closer girls felt to their mothers, the later they expected to make the transitions related to sexuality and family formation. Feelings of closeness to father covaried with girls' expectations of becoming sexually active later but were not related to expectations about the timing of other transitions. Although analyses of the stability of girls' ideas about life course timing revealed considerable stability in girls' timing expectations across a six-month period, it was also clear that some shifting in ideas about life course transitions and timing had occurred. A more fine-grained study of continuity and change in these ideas across the adolescent years would be a promising direction for future research.
Technology is not a panacea for educational reform, but the use of technology in the classroom can enable teachers to engage today’s students in learning content. While some believed that new, young teachers would bring technology to the PK-12 classroom, this clearly has not happened. Since teacher educators generally do not model technology integration and instead use primarily teacher-centered instruction, many new teachers do not know how to integrate technology, particularly Web 2.0 technologies, into instruction. To encourage teacher educators to learn about these easy-to-use technologies, this chapter examines wikis as a low-threshold Web 2.0 tool. This chapter will discuss the power of using these technology tools.
Technology is not a panacea for educational reform, but the use of technology in the classroom can enable teachers to engage today’s students in learning content. While some believed that new, young teachers would bring technology to the PK-12 classroom, this clearly has not happened. Since teacher educators generally do not model technology integration and instead use primarily teacher-centered instruction, many new teachers do not know how to integrate technology, particularly Web 2.0 technologies, into instruction. To encourage teacher educators to learn about these easy-to-use technologies, this chapter examines wikis as a low-threshold Web 2.0 tool. This chapter will discuss the power of using these technology tools.
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