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INTRODUÇÃO: A presença de compostos de nitrogênio nos seus diferentes estados de oxidação é indicativo de contaminação do aquífero e de possíveis condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias. O nitrito e o nitrato estão associados a dois efeitos adversos à saúde: a indução à metemoglobinemia e a formação potencial de nitrosaminas e nitrosamidas carcinogênicas. Assim, foi verificada a contaminação das águas subterrâneas por compostos de nitrogênio, através da determinação de nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrogênio albuminóide, nitrito e nitrato, e avaliada a adequação da legislação vigente. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisadas 607 amostras de águas de poços localizadas predominantemente na Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo, através de técnicas espectrofotométricas na região do visível. RESULTADOS: Os resultados analíticos foram avaliados com base nas legislações federal e estadual paulista. Das amostras analisadas, 91 (15%) apresentaram teores de pelo menos uma forma do nitrogênio em desacordo com a legislação estadual e 24 (4,0%) apresentaram teores de nitrato em desacordo com a legislação federal. CONCLUSÃO: Apenas o nitrato apresenta valor máximo permissível na legislação federal, enquanto que a estadual contempla os quatro compostos nitrogenados. Com base nos resultados da presença significativa desses derivados nas amostras analisadas, os quais comprometem a qualidade das águas e apresentam riscos potenciais à saúde humana, sugere-se a sua inclusão na legislação federal.

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During the summer of 2005, a total of 101 samples of wines and grape juices purchased from supermarkets and retail stores in São Paulo city were analysed for the presence of Ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA was evaluated in 29 red wines and 38 grape juices produced in Brazil and in 34 imported red wines (from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and South Africa). OTA was extracted in an immunoaffinity column and detected by HPLC with fluorescence detection, according to EN 14133/2003. The detection and quantification limits established were 0.01 and 0.03 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries for wine samples were 94.1, 82.5, 86.1% and the relative standard deviation were 6.10, 1.03, 4.11% at levels of 0.03, 2.0, 5.0 ng/mL, respectively. For grape juice, the recovery was 86.2% and the RSD was 2.01% at a level of 0.4 ng/mL. OTA contamination was found in nine of the 29 Brazilian red wines with levels ranging from 0.10 to 1.33 ng/mL and in 18 of the 34 imported red wines with levels ranging from 0.03 to 0.32 ng/mL. OTA was not detected in any of the grape juice samples analysed. Although the results from the wine samples analysed for the presence of OTA were below to the limits established by EC 123/2005 (2.0 ng/mL), low and continuous exposure to this mycotoxin could be a risk to human health.

The aim of this study was to determine the ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of instant coffee samples collected in the market of the city of São Paulo, Brazil from August to December, 2004. The EN 14133/2003 method, originally developed to quantify OTA in wine, grape juice and beer samples, was evaluated and approved for analyzing OTA in instant coffee samples. OTA was isolated in an immunoaffinity column and quantified by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The established detection and quantification limits were 0.16 and 0.52 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries from spiked samples were 92.6 ± 1.7, 83.7 ± 0.8, and 91.0 ± 1.2 % at levels of 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0 ng/g, respectively. Of a total of 82 samples analised, 81 (98.8%) contained OTA at levels ranging from 0.17 to 6.29 ng/g. The high frequency of OTA occurrence in the instant coffee samples demonstrates the importance of an effective control of this product by governmental authorities and industries. The rapid methodology for OTA analysis in instant coffee used in this study was defined and validated, permitting it´s use for quality control of this product.