Attributions in a purely chance task (predicting coin tosses) were studied as a function of either a descending, ascending, or random sequence of outcomes and as a function of whether the subject performed the task himself or observed another subject performing the task. A primary effect was predicted, that is, that early successes would induce a skill orientation towards the task. The prediction was supported. Subjects in the descending condition rated themselves as significantly better at predicting the outcomes of coin tosses than subjects in either of the other two groups. This group also overremembered past successes and expected more future successes than the other two groupSt_Inyolyement had the effect of increasing subjects' expectations of future successes and tended to increase their evaluation of their past performance.
The assessment of needs is perhaps the most important part of planning or evaluating any new program. Informal discussions or opinion polls are simply inadequate. Here is a more careful approach to the concept and practice of needs assessment.
TRACES are what evaluators left behind — discoveries, records, tracks — which made marks on the profession of program evaluation. Published here are excerpts from our past (e.g., articles. passages from books, speeches) that show where we have been or affected where we are g(r)o(w)ing. Suggestions for inclusion should be sent to the Editor, along with rationale for their import. Photocopies of the original printed versions are preferred with full bibliographic information. Copying rights will be secured by the Editor.
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