A B S T R A C TSince many people are exposed to road traffic noise in urban areas, current legislation aims to limit vehicle noise emissions. In Europe, the vehicle pass-by noise test is implemented according to the international standard ISO 362. As a result of more recent investigations of urban traffic, a revision to the ISO 362 standard has been proposed that includes a constantspeed test in addition to the traditional accelerated test in order to determine the pass-by noise value. To ensure compliance with the pass-by noise test vehicle manufacturers and suppliers must quantify vehicle noise source characteristics during the design stage of the vehicle. In addition, predictive tools need to be available during the product development phase in order to estimate the final pass-by noise level. In this paper an extensive literature survey is presented of noise source characteristics in the ISO 362 vehicle pass-by noise test. Vehicle pass-by noise is analysed in the time and frequency domains and a ranking of the noise source contributions is established. The characteristics of the four major noise sources (engine, intake system, exhaust system, tyre/road system) contributing to pass-by noise as well as current prediction methods are reviewed.
This paper considers the wave fields that result when a plane wave impinges at an arbitrary angle on a rectangular aperture in a rigid, thick wall. A nondimensional form of a prior Fourier transform solution of this problem is derived, from which it is more easy to appreciate the relationship between the physical attributes of the aperture and incoming wave and the resultant acoustic fields. The scattered field from the aperture is examined in detail, in particular the modal contributions to the driving function for the amplitude of the velocity potential. Although the full scattered field contains both modal sum and modal coupling effects, it is shown that neglect of the modal coupling effects introduces minimal error to the solution in certain situations. An approximate analytical solution to the uncoupled analysis is then developed, which is accurate provided that the aperture is acoustically large, such that there are several cut-on modes within the aperture. The full nature of the scattered field can be easily interpreted from the nondimensional, analytical solution. In particular, an error analysis is given from which one can determine the required number of modes in a solution for given accuracy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.