A heterogeneidade dos sistemas de produção de leite de Minas Gerais é uma das causas de instabilidade das relações comerciais da cadeia produtiva e das dificuldades de direcionamento de políticas públicas. Neste sentido, objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar espacialmente a heterogeneidade tecnológica dos sistemas de produção de leite das 66 microrregiões do estado de Minas Gerais. Para isso, estimou-se um modelo fatorial a partir de 15 variáveis de tecnologia e de escala de produção e foi construído um Índice de Modernização da Pecuária Leiteira. A análise cluster realizada com este índice permitiu classificar espacialmente as microrregiões em 4 níveis tecnológicos. Os resultados podem subsidiar estratégias de formulação de políticas públicas regionalizadas e elaboração de planos de atividades privadas.
The objective of this study is to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach to improve the understanding of how to shape effective information diffusion policies among small-scale dairy farmers in rural communities of Brazil, for whom milk production is an important source of income. We interviewed 24 dairy farmers representing all participants of a dairy farmer association in a small-scale production community in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two sociograms were built by means of an adjacency matrix representing the two internal networks, friendship (F) and advising (A). The beta-centrality and betweenness centrality measures were calculated to identify central farmers and correlate with efficiency indicators in each network (F and A) using a quadratic assignment procedure (QAP). The two internal networks structures and individual thresholds of adoption were represented in an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the spread of the information among farmers. Our simulations indicate that the assortativity degree of social networks affects the information diffusion among farmers, highlighting the importance of opinion leaders versus convincing a critical mass to implement innovation strategies. Our analysis suggests that vertical policies focused on local opinion leaders will be more effective for enhancing the adoption of techniques that involve investments in private goods such as the adoption of artificial insemination, whereas horizontal policies, such as broadcasting information, will be more effective in encouraging investments in public and semi-public goods, such as the purchase of community cooling tanks and techniques for enhancing milk quality.
The current study explores variables associated with the loyalty of dairy farmers to dairy processors in the Brazilian context. A multivariate discrete choice (Logit) model and alternative formulations assess the associations between loyalty metrics and farm and processor characteristics for a sample of 32 dairy farmers in 16 municipalities at the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais. Twenty-two dairy processors were identified as milk buyers in the area studied, but each farmer indicated that they could sell to an average of five alternative buyers of milk. Farmers’ attributes such as production scale or the technological level are not statistically significantly associated with loyalty in this sample. The current milk price paid to farmers in our sample is not associated with increased loyalty (sales to a single processor for 6 or more years) in all estimated models; although, further research on this impact is merited to inform buyer-pricing policy. Variables associated with increased loyalty include payment of premiums for quality, farmer years of experience and cooperation among farmers in the purchase of inputs. Delayed payment is associated with reduced loyalty. We could not determine the effect of participation in technical assistance programs offered by processors on loyalty, because in our sample all farmers received free university-provided technical assistance. The payment of a premium based on milk volume was also unassociated with loyalty determination. The small size of our sample limits the ability to generalize our results but provides exploratory results that facilitate future investigation.
A pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso em uma propriedade rural no município de Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais. Seu objetivo foi avaliar econômico e financeiramente a atividade leiteira da empresa. Para atingir esse objetivo foi feito um levantamento de custos e despesas, bem como de receitas durante o ano de 2011. Posteriormente, foram elaborados o Demonstrativo do Resultado do Exercício e o Balanço Patrimonial. A partir dessas informações foi possível realizar o cálculo e analisar indicadores financeiros, a saber: endividamento, rentabilidade, lucratividade, liquidez e solvência. Mediante as análises dos indicadores financeiros, o estudo apontou que a propriedade rural remunera seu proprietário, porém as atividades operacionais apresentam uma rentabilidade do patrimônio líquido, abaixo de investimentos como a caderneta de poupança. Deve-se ressaltar que apesar da baixa rentabilidade gerada pelas operações da fazenda, parte do patrimônio do proprietário, especificamente as terras, vem sofrendo valorização, dada a localização da propriedade rural. Diante do diagnóstico, foram apresentadas propostas de melhorias para auxiliar no planejamento e execução da atividade.
Animal production systems and agribusiness Full-length research article Overprice on purchase of replacement cattle and genetic group as variables of economic result in feedlot operations ABSTRACT-The objective of this study was to analyze the economic result of feedlot operation for three genetic groups of cattle (Nellore, Nellore crossing with other Zebuine breeds, and Dairy crossbred) as a function of the overprice on the purchase price of cattle to be feedlot-finished. The study involved data of 57,589 animals divided into 709 lots originating from operation cycles from March to December 2016. Lots were considered replicates, and gross margin per animal was considered the economic result. Data pertaining to each lot, overprice, and gross margin were analyzed by regression, with mathematical models developed for each genetic group. After significance tests were applied, simple linear models were adopted for all studied groups. To check the equality or lack thereof of the three regression models generated, we used a modelidentity test, which revealed that the model for Nellore animals was different from that used for Dairy crossbreds. The model generated for Nellore crossing with other Zebuine breeds did not differ from the models for Nellore or Dairy crossbreds, i.e., Nellore crossing with other Zebuine breeds may be grouped as a single model together with the Nellore group or with the Dairy-crossbred group. The estimates generated from the three individualized models suggest that the purchase of the feeder (unfinished) cattle for the Dairy crossbred, Nellore crossing with other Zebuine breeds, and Nellore groups, with an overprice starting at 1.19, 1.21, and 1.27, respectively, will result in negative gross margins. Thus, the overprice at purchase may compromise the economic result of feedlot operation, and more-efficient animals may allow for a greater overprice on the purchase in the operation, with a positive gross margin.
Este artigo, tem por objetivo, analisar as representações sociais construídas pelo site da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural de Minas Gerais, Emater–MG sobre ações de Agroecologia realizadas no Estado. Assim, sopesará os signos que são relacionados à Agroecologia e ao que eles representam na extensão rural. Foram analisadas 5 edições do Relatório Social de atividades publicados no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram analisados os conteúdos das agendas anuais em Agroecologia, os quantitativos de atendimentos e prospecção temporal evolucionária. Analisou-se imagens e suas referências de significados e identificadas categorias de análises. O estudo demonstrou que a Agroecologia disseminada pela Emater–MG é transmitida para o público como sinônimo de modernidade, tecnologia, de modo a consolidar a representação positiva da agroecologia, no entanto sua expressividade diminuiu, visto que o tema deixou de fazer parte das agendas estratégicas da empresa.
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