There are several technologies for the treatment of oily wastewater generated by the oil industry, not only to separate the emulsified oil in water, but also to reduce its concentration in the aqueous effluent. Among the processes of separation, the separation using membranes should be highlighted when they become an effective material and it also resistant to high temperatures, have good corrosion resistance, easy to clean, and have long life operation, among others. This work aims to synthesize the material (ZSM-5, γ-alumina membrane, and zeolite membrane ZSM-5/γ-alumina) and to evaluate the membranes in the oil/water separation in a continuous flow system. From the XRD results of the individual materials, it can be observed the formation of all the characteristic peaks for each material. The EDX analysis of zeolite ZSM-5 showed the formation of this material with a Si/Al = 19. From the SEM image of these materials, it can be seen that the surface of the γ-alumina is completely covered with ZSM-5 zeolite crystals. The oil/water removing, using ZSM-5 γ-alumina membrane, showed high retention of the oil, obtaining a higher performance in relation to γ-alumina membrane. This reveals that the insertion of ZSM-5/γ-alumina in the material makes that this new material acquires a lower porosity, obtained by decreasing the passage of oil molecules through the membrane structure.
RESUMO -O destino de efluentes industriais representa grandes preocupações para a preservação ambiental. A indústria têxtil é responsável por gerar grandes quantidades de efluentes de composição extremamente heterogênea, com quantidade de material tóxico recalcitrante, o que torna seu tratamento mais difícil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar a peneira molecular MCM-41 e avaliar seu potencial como adsorvente na remoção do corante azul reativo. A MCM-41 foi sintetizada utilizando o tratamento hidrotérmico, por um período de 7 dias. O material obtido foi caracterizado por Difração de Raios X, Adsorção física de N 2 . No estudo da remoção do corante foi aplicado um planejamento experimental do tipo fatorial 2 2 com ponto central, visando avaliar a influência da quantidade de adsorvente e do pH da solução modelo no processo de remoção. A MCM-41 apresentou melhores resultados na remoção do corante quando combinados níveis superior e inferior para quantidade de adsorvente e pH. INTRODUÇÃOO destino de efluentes industriais representa, atualmente, uma das grandes preocupações para a preservação do meio ambiente e da vida humana (Chaves 2011). Por falta de conscientização e de estação de tratamento dos resíduos, muitas indústrias optam por despejá-los em esgotos, terrenos baldios, lagos e rios. Um fator preocupante reside no fato dos resíduos se acumularem, espontaneamente, em corpos d'água, uma vez que o próprio ciclo hídrico do planeta contribui para isso, lavando ar e solo periodicamente (Oliveira et al., 2012).A remoção de corantes dos efluentes é um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelo setor têxtil. A elevada estabilidade biológica dos corantes dificulta sua degradação pelos sistemas de tratamento convencionais (normalmente lodo ativado) empregados pelas indústrias têxteis. A contaminação de rios e lagos com estes compostos provocam, além da poluição visual, sérios danos à fauna e flora destes locais. Com suas intensas colorações, os corantes restringem a passagem de radiação solar, diminuindo a atividade fotossintética natural, provocando alterações na biota aquática e causando toxicidade aguda e crônica destes ecossistemas (Guarantini e Zanoni, 2000).
In this work the smectite clays Chocobofe from the state of Paraíba was investigated to evaluate their affinity and capacity for removal of zinc using a finite bath system. The clay was characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy in the Region (IV) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Physical Adsorption of Nitrogen (BET method). A 22 factorial design was conducted with three center points in a finite bath system to determine the percentage removal (% Rem) and removability (qeq) of the clay. Values of 83.35 to 98.83% and the percentage removal from 3.83 to 4.24 mg / g removal were achieved in experiments, indicating that the use of clay Chocobofe appears as a promising alternative to remove of Zn2+
The catalytic cracking of sunflower oil over vermiculite clay was studied in a thermal analysis system, the process being accompanied by thermogravimetry. The vermiculite was chemically modified by acid leaching and characterized by techniques of XRD, FTIR, SEM and TG. The catalytic test was performed in a thermal analysis system with heating up to 900 °C, with proportion oil/clay = 100. The results of thermogravimetry showed that in the presence of the catalyst, the thermograms present a single mass loss. The test was also performed with the molecular sieve Al-MCM-41 with proportion Si/Al = 25 and 75, with similar results to those presented by vermiculite.
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