The digestibility potential of leaves from forages depends on the amount of nutrition in their tissues, with low lignin deposition in the cell wall, mainly parenchyma and phloem. This research evaluated the leaf structure of different Urochloa genotypes and discussed its potential for evaluating digestibility. The cultivars U. brizantha, U. decumbens, U. ruziziensis and three clones of U. ruziziensis (1, 95 and 97), which are under development in breeding programs, were evaluated. Plants were grown under the recommended culture conditions for the Urochloa species. Plants were cut 60 days after sowing, and leaves were collected at 15 days of regrowth. Leaves were fixed in FAA 70 and further stored in 70% ethanol until being submitted to the usual microtechniques for the preparation of microscopy slides. The area of the tissues from the interveinal and midrib regions was measured using ImageJ software, and their proportions were calculated. In the interveinal region, the proportion of chlorophyll parenchyma was greater for U. decumbens and the Clone 1 genotypes. Urochloa brizantha and clones 95 and 97 showed a higher proportion of the vascular bundle compared to U. ruziziensis, U. decumbens and Clone 1. The proportion of the ground parenchyma in the midrib was greater in U. brizantha, Clone 95 and Clone 97. Thus, it can be concluded that the Clone 1 genotypes (from U. ruziziensis) showed leaf tissues (parenchyma and phloem) with higher digestibility potential; in addition, U. brizantha and U. decumbens showed a high percentage of xylem and sclerenchyma, which reduces their quality as forage.
The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre, Espirito Santo state, Brazil, to evaluate the broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilization. Seeds of the broccoli cultivar Ramoso Piracicaba were originated from lots of seed obtained in an organic and conventional production system. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with four replications in a factorial arrangement combination of the lots, 2x5 (organic and mineral fertilized seeds) and substrates [S1 (soil + sand + manure), S2 (soil + sand + manure + NPK), S3 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 10 g L-1), S4 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 30 g L-1) and S5 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 50 g L-1]. The analyzed variables were emergency, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, emergency speed and height of seedlings after 28 days of sowing, and plant diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, plant height, root volume, fresh and dry root mass, absolute and relative growth rates and increment to leaf area and plant height after 104 days. The emergency was similar in the different substrates; great vigor occurred on conventional seeds; the mineral fertilization increased the production of fresh mass of aerial part; the use of substrate containing soil, sand soil conditioner Fertium (30 to 50 g L-1) increased the volume, fresh and dry mass of roots and rate of increase in these variables.
No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a germinação da semente e o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula de brócolos em função de substratos e temperaturas. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia e Análises de Sementes do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), em Alegre-ES, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 6 x 4 (dois lotes de sementes, seis substratos e quatro temperaturas). Os substratos utilizados foram: Plantmax® (S1); Plantmax®+Fertium® 1 g dm-3 (S2); Plantmax®+Fertium® 2 g dm-3 (S3); solo+areia+esterco (S4); solo+areia+esterco+Fertium® 1 g dm-3 (S5); solo+areia+esterco+Fertium® 2 g dm-3 (S6). As temperaturas testadas foram 20 ºC, 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 20-30 ºC. Para a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de brócolos devem ser utilizados os substratos Plantmax® e Plantmax® enriquecido com Fertium®. A temperatura 25 ºC é a recomendada para a germinação de sementes de brócolos.
Changes in leaf anatomy were evaluated in genotypes of Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria ruziziensis and three Brachiaria ruziziensis clones through tissue proportion in internerval and midrib regions at three regrowth ages. Plants were grown and cutting was performed after 60 days. Further, leaves were sampled at 8, 15 and 29 regrowth days and processed with usual plant microtechnique. The internerval region showed higher parenchyma percentage at 15 days for Clone 95 and similar values at 15 and 29 days for Clone 1. The proportion of vascular bundles was lower after 15 days in Clones 1 and 95 and 29 days in B. brizantha. In the midrib, the parenchyma proportion was higher at 29 days in B. brizantha and lower at 15 days in B. ruziziensis. The proportion of vascular bundles was higher at 8 days in B. decumbens, B. brizantha and Clone 1, and lower at 29 days for Clones 97 and 95 and at 8 days in B. ruziziensis. Therefore, the regrowth age modifies the percentage of leaf tissues in Brachiaria genotypes, in which the fibers and vascular bundles increase at 29 days and 8-day-old leaves are not fully developed.
RESUMO:O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do CCA-UFES, em Alegre-ES, com objetivo de avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de brócolos (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) oriundas do sistema de produção orgânica e convencional e tratadas com cloreto de sódio. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num fatorial 2 x 6 (dois lotes x seis concentrações), com quatro repetições. As sementes foram tratadas com concentrações salina de 0,0; -0,4; -0,8; -1,2; -1,6 e -2,0 MPa, aplicadas por imersão por 15 minutos. Foram avaliados: germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação comprimento da raiz e da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca das plântulas. Concentrações de NaCl com valores inferiores a -08 MPa são tóxicos para sementes de brócolos; há redução na germinação e no crescimento das plântulas de brócolos com o aumento da salinidade; as sementes de brócolos de origem convencionais apresentam maior resistência à salinidade do que as sementes de brócolos de origem orgânica
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