The literature review deals with the issue of a teacher assistant for pupils with special educational needs in the inclusive school environment, especially the preferred level of education of teacher assistants, qualification assumptions, risks associated with improper involvement of assistants in teaching and the quality and intensity of cooperation between a teacher and a teacher assistant. An analysis of selected studies was used according to two basic thematic criteria: a teacher assistant for pupils with special educational needs and the inclusive school environment. The results of the study have shown that the intensive cooperation of a teacher assistant with a teacher, systematic preparation for lessons and a collective evaluation of assistants' previous work are the most important preconditions for the effective performance. Other factors for the successful teacher assistant's work are an appropriate level of education, knowledge, helpful approach to pupils, empathy and tolerance.
This literature review analyzes eight specialized papers which focus on issues of the perceptual motor skills of children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities. Children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities have deficits in perceptual motor skills. The deficits of adaptive and intellectual skills of these children and pupils may be greater (mainly because of their conceptual and abstract reasoning) than their relative deficits of perceptual motor skills. Stronger perceptual motor skills in children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities may be the target of school intervention as a means of alleviating problems in adaptive functions.
The main aim of the study was to determine teachers’ awareness of the development of visual and auditory perception in pupils with mild intellectual disabilities at a mainstream school in the Czech Republic. Based on this main aim, additional goals were set: to determine to what extent teachers are aware of the importance of developing visual and auditory perception in pupils with mild intellectual disabilities, by what means teachers develop visual and auditory perception in pupils with mild intellectual disabilities, and how teachers use pupils’ homework to develop visual and auditory perception. To achieve the aims of the study, the qualitative method was used with the technique of a semi-structured interview. The results show that teachers are aware of the importance of developing perceptual motor functions in pupils with mild intellectual disabilities, but the level of training in working with pupils with mild intellectual disabilities in mainstream primary schools is low. Teachers should receive more expert advice on the development of perceptual motor functions, especially from the staff of school counseling services.
This literature review analyzes nine specialized papers which focus on issues of the social barriers of pupils and students with specific learning disabilities. In identifying the most important features and characteristics of pupils and students with specific learning disabilities, we need to recognize which areas have a significant impact on the learning process. At the forefront come the level of motor skills, the level of memory and intellectual abilities, laterality, perception, spatial orientation, learning strategies showing the competence of self-learning, communication, and social relations. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the research of foreign authors who primarily dealt with the issue of social relations and the abilities of pupils and students with specific learning disabilities. Based on the review, it was determined that the social barriers of pupils and students with specific learning disabilities extend throughout their entire education, from the beginning until the transition to higher education. Pupils and students with specific learning disabilities are most influenced by relationships to their immediate surroundings and to themselves.
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