Different classes of plasmonic nanoparticles are tested for their SERS signal brightness at the single-particle level.

The technology of magnetic resonance imaging is developing towards higher magnetic fields to improve resolution and contrast. However, whole-body imaging at 7 T or even higher flux densities remains challenging due to wave interference, tissue inhomogeneities, and high RF power deposition. Nowadays, proper RF excitation of a human body in prostate and cardiac MRI is only possible to achieve by using phased arrays of antennas attached to the body (so-called surface coils). Due to safety concerns, the design of such coils aims at minimization of the local specific absorption rate (SAR), keeping the highest possible RF signal in the region of interest. Most previously demonstrated approaches were based on resonant structures such as e.g. dipoles, capacitively-loaded loops, TEM-line sections. In this study, we show that there is a better compromise between the transmit signal $${{\bf{B}}}_{{\bf{1}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$ B 1 + and the local SAR using non-resonant surface coils generating a low electric field in the proximity of their conductors. With this aim, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a leaky-wave antenna implemented as a periodically-slotted microstrip transmission line. Due to its non-resonant radiation, it induces only slightly over half the peak local SAR compared to a state-of-the-art dipole antenna but has the same transmit efficiency in prostate imaging at 7 T. Unlike other antennas for MRI, the leaky-wave antenna does not require to be tuned and matched when placed on a body, which makes it easy-to-use in prostate imaging at 7 T MRI.

This article presents a comprehensive method to efficiently design capacitively enhanced resonant on-chip antennas using an equivalent circuit (EC) model instead of computationally demanding full-wave simulations. To systemize the design process by predicting the radiation efficiency, the input impedance, the current and voltage distributions, and the radiation pattern of the antenna based on an EC, a method to extract both dissipation and radiation mechanisms from full-wave simulation data is described and carried out. Based on this separation of loss mechanisms, an EC-based antenna optimization with respect to the radiation efficiency is conceivably possible. Additional to the EC, which enables this efficient antenna optimization and increases the physical insight in the radiation mechanism, an analytical estimation of key antenna parameters, as the resonant length, is presented. The results from the analytical calculations and the antenna parameters calculated using the EC model are compared with full-wave FDTD simulations and used to discuss the capabilities and limitations of the EC model. Finally, an on-chip antenna of the considered type operating at 290-300 GHz and manufactured with silicon-germanium technology is used to verify the full-wave antenna simulations and the presented approach in general. Index Terms-Antennas' theory and design, equivalent circuit (EC), millimeter-wave and terahertz components, passive component modeling, silicon-germanium (SiGe/Si) technologies. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE need for highly efficient mm-wave on-chip antennas manifests in numerous applications, namely high-resolution radar imaging [1], detailed material characterization [2], and high-data-rate communication [3]. A key parameter to increase the performance of the overall system is reducing the loss contributions of the transducer between the front end and free space, namely the antenna. These loss Manuscript

A new measurement of ∆σ T for polarized neutrons transmitted through a polarized proton target at 16.2 MeV has been made. A polarized neutron beam was obtained from the 3 H(d, n) 4 He reaction; proton polarization over 90% was achieved in a frozen spin target of 20 cm 3 volume. The measurement yielded the value ∆σ T = (−126 ± 21 ± 14) mb. The result of a simple phase shift analysis for the 3 S 1 − 3 D 1 mixing parameter ǫ 1 is presented and compared with the theoretical potential model predictions.

We report on the nanoparticle-size-dependent onset of quantum tunneling of electrons across the subnanometer gaps in three different sizes (30, 50, and 80 nm) of highly uniform gold nanosphere (AuNS) dimers. For precision plasmonics, the gap distance is systematically controlled at the level of single C–C bonds via a series of alkanedithiol linkers (C2–C16). Parallax-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) imaging and subsequent tomographic reconstruction are employed to resolve the nm to subnm interparticle gap distances in AuNS dimers. Single-particle scattering experiments on three different sizes of AuNS dimers reveal that for the larger dimers the onset of quantum tunneling regime occurs at larger gap distances: 0.96 ± 0.04 nm (C6) for 80 nm, 0.83 ± 0.03 nm (C5) for 50 nm, and 0.72 ± 0.02 nm (C4) for 30 nm dimers. 2D nonlocal and quantum-corrected model (QCM) calculations qualitatively explain the physical origin for this experimental observation: the lower curvature of the larger particles leads to a higher tunneling current due to a larger effective conductivity volume in the gap. Our results have possible implications in scenarios where precise geometrical control over plasmonic properties is crucial such as in hybrid (molecule-metal) and/or quantum plasmonic devices. More importantly, this study constitutes the closest experimental results to the theory for a 3D sphere dimer system and offers a reference data set for comparison with theory/simulations.