The available formulations of multicompound pyrethroids (permethrin/S-bioallethrin/piperonyl butoxide, permethrin/pyriproxyfen/benzyl benzoate), benzyl benzoate, neem and some field acaricides are effective in suppression of synanthropic mites in laboratory assays. Their LD(90) are lower than those of traditionally used organophosphates or single-compound pyrethroid formulations.
Bezdûková, B., P. Jahn, M. Vyskoãil, J. Plach˘: Gastric Ulceration and Exercise Intensityin Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 67-71.The objective of our study was to determine prevalence of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in individual groups of Standardbred horses in the Czech Republic divided in accordance to training intensity, to determine association between training intensity and prevalence of gastric ulcers and severity of gastric ulcers in these horses. Fifty four 2-year-old or older Standardbred racehorses engaged in routine training and racing were selected for this study. Prevalence of gastric ulcers was 20.00% in Standardbred racehorses with no training intensity, 16.67% in horses in mild training, 68.42% in horses in intermediate training and 79.12% in horses in high intensity training. Significant association was proven between training intensity and occurrence of gastric ulcers. Positive correlation between training intensity and gastric ulceration severity was proven as well.From the results we concluded that gastric ulcers are common in Standardbred horses in training in Czech Republic. Their prevalence and severity is dependent on the training intensity. Gastric ulcer, prevalence, training, standardbred, racehorse, Czech RepublicGastric ulceration in horses (equine gastric ulcer syndrome -EGUS) has aroused interest during the last decades due to new intravital diagnostic procedures and results of intensive study of ethiopathogenesis and therapy of this disease.In many studies, high prevalence of the disease in racehorses and horses in active race training was proven. The prevalence of EGUS ranges from 66% (Hammond et al.1986) to more than 90% (Murray 1994). Horses used for pleasure, riding lessons or show have lower prevalence (37%) and severity of gastric ulcers (Murray et al. 1989). Prevalence of EGUS in the Czech Republic is 62.96% (Bezdûková et al. 2004, parallel publication).It was proven that the prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration increases with the duration of race training or endurance training (Murray 1994;Orsini and Pipers 1997). This is consistent with pathomorphological findings in 195 Thoroughbred racehorses reported by Hammond et al. (1989). In this study, the prevalence of EGUS was higher in horses in active training and racing (80%) than in those that were not in training (37%), and similar results were reported by Murray et al. (1989). Association between occurrence of EGUS and training intensity has not been evaluated in Middle Europe yet.The cause of gastric ulcers is still unknown. Diet and feed management are considered potential risk factors. Lower prevalence and severity of gastric ulcers occur in horses which are kept on pasture with continuous feed intake than in those which are fed with high-grain diet. Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was reported as a cause of gastric ulceration in many species (MacAllister et al. 1993), however the occurrence of ulcers is high even in horses with no hist...
Bezdûková, B., P. Jahn, M. Vyskoãil, J. Plach˘: Prevalence of Equine Gastric Ulceration in Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 59-65.The objective of our study was to determine an association between age, sex and prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration in Standardbred racehorses in training in Czech Republic. Alltogether 54 Standardbred racehorses were used in our study. History was taken and subsequently gastroscopy was performed in each horse. Mucosal ulceration was evaluated using grading system ranging from 0 (normal mucosa, no lesions) to 4 (diffuse ulceration of mucosa, loss of margo plicatus continuity, with or without haemorrhage). Correlation between age, sex and prevalence and severity of ulcers was statistically assessed.Prevalence of gastric ulceration in the group of horses examined was 62.96%. Twenty horses (37.04%) had physiological findings on gastric mucosa (ulcer score 0), 16 horses (29.6%) had mild changes of gastric mucosa (ulcer score 1), 14 horses (25.9%) had gastric ulcer score of grade 2 and 4 horses (7.4%) had gastric ulcer score of grade 3. None of the horses (0%) had signs of the most severe gastric ulceration (ulcer score 4). There was found neither association between age or sex and prevalence of ulcers nor association between age or sex and severity of gastric ulcers.From the results we conclude that gastric ulcers are common in Standardbred racehorses in Czech Republic. Prevalence and severity of gastric ulcer does not depend on age and sex of horses.
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