Abstract. Drainage needs to reclaim its rightful position as an indispensable element in the integrated management of land and water. An integrated approach to drainage can be developed by means of systematic mapping of the functions of natural resources systems (goods and services) and the values attributed to these functions by people. This mapping allows the exploration of the implications of particular drainage interventions. In that sense an analytical tool for understanding a drainage situation is proposed. The process dimension of the functions and values evaluation and assessment is participatory planning, modelled on co-management approaches to natural resources management. This provides a framework for discussion and negotiation of trade-offs related to the different functions and values related to drainage. In that sense the approach is a communication, planning and decision-making tool. The tool is called DRAINFRAME, which stands for Drainage Integrated Analytical Framework. The implementation of an integrated approach posits challenges for the governance, management and finance of drainage, as well as for research and design of drainage infrastructure and operation. Both have to be rethought from the perspective of multi-functionality. The paper concludes with five main policy messages.
The Drainage Integrated Analytical Framework (DRAINFRAME) was developed by the World Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Department to look at and act upon agricultural drainage from an integrated natural resources management perspective. The approach has been field-tested in three World Bank-funded projects: an irrigation improvement project in Egypt, a problems and opportunities assessment in relation to Pakistan's national drainage master plan, and a strategic assessment of a public-private partnership project for surface water supply to a desert region in Egypt. The latter study paved the way for a fully fledged environmental and social impact assessment. The cases provide useful lessons on the proper timing of the DRAINFRAME assessment, the role of public participation, and the influence that a proper and timely assessment can have on further development of water resources management plans. The paper links the DRAINFRAME approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), an increasingly common tool to assess the potential social, economic and environmental consequences of policies, plans and programmes in an early and more effective manner. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉ SUMÉLa méthode d'analyse intégrée du drainage (DRAINFRAME) a été développée par le Département Agriculture et Développement Rural de la Banque Mondiale pour examiner et agir sur le drainage agricole du point de vue de la gestion intégrée des ressources naturelles. L'approche a été testée sur le terrain dans trois projets financés par la Banque Mondiale: un projet d'amélioration d'irrigation en Egypte, un bilan-évaluation du programme-cadre national de drainage du Pakistan, et l'évaluation stratégique d'un projet de PPP (partenariat public-privé) pour l'approvisionnement en eau d'une région désertique en Egypte. Cette dernière étude a préparé le terrain pour une étude d'impact environnementale et sociale complète. Les cas étudiés fournissent des leçons utiles sur le moment approprié pour une évaluation par DRAINFRAME, sur le rôle de la participation publique, et sur l'influence qu'une véritable évaluation conduite en temps opportun peut avoir sur le développement ultérieur des plans de gestion des ressources en eau. L'article fait le rapprochement entre DRAINFRAME et l'Evaluation Environnementale Stratégique, un outil de plus en plus courant pour évaluer les conséquences sociales, économiques et environnementales potentielles des politiques, des plans et des programmes de façon suffisamment précoce et efficace.
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