Used 148 male and 130 female college students as Ss and replicated and expanded upon previous findings in marijuana personality research. It was found that the greater the self‐reported frequency of marijuana use across Ss, the higher the cores on creativity and adventuresomeness tests tended to be and the lower the scores on autoritarianism tended to be. Males were more frequent users than females; Jews more frequent users than Protestants or Catholics. A new variable, internal sensation novelty seeking, was found to be correlated with self‐reported frequency of marijuana use. Self‐reported length of marijuana use was not related to any of the major variables, with the singular exception that after 2 years of use, expressed boredom with the environment decreased significantly.
Painful mechanical tail-pinch elicited aggressive responses in paired rats; response-contingent electric shock to either forepaws or hindpaws suppressed fighting and stereotyped aggressive postures, including those in which dominance was expressed. There was no evidence that aggression was facilitated by shock that was contingent on pain-elicited aggressive responses. Aggressive responding recovered when shock was discontinued.EXPERIMENT 1 Paired rats will fight with each other in a stereotyped manner while receiving painful electric shock to feet or tail (Ulrich and Azrin, 1962
Marijuana use and its relationship to personality were investigated in 984 students between the eighth and twelfth grades. Increasing frequency of marijuana use was found to be significantly related to increased creativity, adventuresomeness, internal sensation novelty seeking and impulsivity, and decreased authoritarianism. No differences were noted in manifest anxiety among user groups, but heavier marijuana users earned lower grades in school. Catholics used marijuana the most, Jews were slightly above the mean in usage, and Protestants were lowest. More frequent marijuana use was associated with increased experimentation with other drugs. Multiple-drug users demonstrated increased manifest anxiety and lower grades. College-versus non-college-oriented differences are discussed. The personality profile of the marijuana user is discussed in terms of an "openness to experience" concept, and its value as possibly being predictive of future drug experimentation in present nonusers is mentioned.
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