Introduction:Lamiaceae herbs have are well known for their immunomodulatory effects, however, the mechanism by which they effect innate immune system is not clearly understood.Objective:The effect of dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs (oregano and sage) modulation of on innate immunological parameters was investigated in Lumbricus terrestris.Materials and Methods:Animals were fed (ad libitum) on herbs supplemented diet [(0.1% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v)] for 6 days. Changes in immune competent cell counts, viability, and relative neutrophil-like cell counts were determined in response to herb treatment. Changes in nitric oxide, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst index were also determined in response to herb treatment relative to control. Additionally, effect of herb co-treatment cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg-BW) induced immunosuppression was also evaluated.Results:Our results suggested abrogation of CP-induced immunosuppression in response to co-treatment with herbs. Significant increase in nitric oxide-mediated immune-competent cell counts, viability, and differentiation into neutrophil-like cells were observed in response to dietary supplementation with Lamiaceae herbs. Significantly higher phagocytic activity relative to control was also noted in response to dietary intake of oregano and sage. However, the respiratory burst index did not increase exponentially in response to herb treatments, suggesting a potential enhancement in pathogen recognition and antioxidant defenses.Conclusion:Lamiaceae herbs may have potential immune-modulatory properties important for human health and merits further investigation.
Introduction: Zingiberaceae spices are important in diet and are well known for their health promoting effects. However, their effect on modulation of innate immunity is not very well understood. Objective: The effect of two dietary Zingiberaceae spices (ginger and turmeric) on innate immunological parameters was investigated in Lumbricus terrestris. Materials and Methods: Animals fed ad libitum on Lumbricus growth medium supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v) of spices for 6 days. Relative fold changes in total coelomic cell counts, coelomic cell viability and relative neutrophil-like cell counts were determined in response to spice treatment. Fold changes in nitric oxide, phagocytic activity (PA) and respiratory burst index (RBI) were determined in response to spice treatment relative to control. Effect of spices on suppression of immunological functions in response to treatment with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/ kg-BW) was also evaluated. Results: Our results indicate that dietary supplementation of Zingiberaceae spices significantly increased the coelomcyte number, viability and their differentiation into neutrophil-like cells. An increase in coelomic fluid nitric oxide level in response to dietary supplementation with ginger and turmeric, may explain these effects. Spice treatments also resulted in coelomcytes that had significantly higher PA relative to control. Surprisingly, the RBI increased nonexponentially in response to spice treatments suggesting a potential enhancement in pathogen recognition and antioxidant defenses. Moreover, cotreatment with spices abrogated immunosuppressive effects of CP in L. terrestris and improved immunological functions. Conclusion: Zingiberaceae spices may have beneficial immunomodulatory properties with potential applications in wound healing, antibiotic and cancer chemotherapy.
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