An in-house pin-on-disc apparatus is designed and constructed to perform the tests and the design of experiments technique is utilized to determine the effect of vibration, amplitude of vibration, surface roughness, and sliding speed and their cross influence on coefficient of friction for 304 stainless steel and Alloy 6061 Aluminum. The design is performed using response surface method (RSM). The coefficient of friction (CoF) is analyzed as a nonlinear function of the factors and predicted by a second-order polynomial equation. Results suggested that the presence of vibration affect the friction function CoF considerably for both metals. The friction function linearly decreases with the increases of vibration and amplitude of vibration, non-linearly decreases with the increases of sliding speed and linearly increases with the increases of the surface roughness until the middle range is reached and then there is non-linearly decrease thereafter. Similar trends of friction functions are observed for Alloy 6061 Aluminum with a reduction of almost 15% except for the case with amplitude of vibration where the variation showed more significant affect on the friction function when Alloy 6061 Aluminum disk is used.
The idea of pushing the limits of drilling oil and gas wells by improving drilling fluids for undemanding atid cost efficient dtilling operatiotts by e.xtracting advantage from the wonders of nanotechnology forms the basis of the work presented here. Foremost, in order to highlight the significance of reducing the size distribution of particles, new clay ATR which has a chain like strtwture and offers enormous surface area and increased reactivity was tested in diffetent sizes that were chetnically and mechanically milled. Bentonite which is a commonly used drilling fluid additive was also tested in different particle size distribution (PSD) and rheological properties were tested. Significant reduction in viscosity with small sized particles was recorded. The tested material called ATR throughout this paper is shown to offer better functionality than bentonite without the requirement of other expensive additives. Experiments were performed with different size distributions and compositions and drastic changes in rheological properties are observed. A detailed investigation of the shear thinning behavior was also catried out with ATR .samples in order to confirm its functionality for eliminating the problem of mechanical and differential pipe sticking, while retaining suitable viscosity and density for avoidattce of problems like lost circulation, poor hole cleaning and inappropriate operating hydrostatic pressures.
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