Thoracic epidural analgesia associates with reduced mortality in rib fracture patients. Better care of this population is likely to be facilitated by more frequent reliance on this treatment.
Successful SGB appears to be related to relief of hot flashes. Repeat SGB results in efficacious multiple week relief of severe hot flashes associated with menopause.
Patients who received TEA were more severely injured and required longer treatments; controlling for these variables, the use of TEA associated with reductions in the cost of receiving care. From an administrative and insurance perspective, more frequent reliance on TEA may be indicated.
Resistance training volume is calculated as the product of weight * sets * repetitions. Application of this formula for calculation of core training volume is hindered as the majority of loading during core movements results from body segment motion against gravity. Here we report the development of relative loading metrics for the analysis of core resistance training volume. First, the human body is modeled as a cylinder with equal mass distribution throughout. For joint movements, the cylinder is allowed motion at the center of mass (the waist), and the lower segment is further allowed to move as two independent units (the legs). For volume calculation the segments represent a fractional mass of the body and additional resistance is normalized to the segmental weight. Isotonic core movements are described by the units denoted here as bodyweight equivalents (BWeq) and are calculated using the formula:
BWeq=((BW/y)+(wt/(BW/y)))/BW
Where BW=body weight; wt=applied external resistance; y=segmental factor with discrete values of 1 (whole body; no fixed segment), 2 (movement at the waist with torso or legs fixed), or 4 (movement of single leg with fixed torso). Isometric core movements are then calculated as the product of BWeq and time of contraction yielding units of BWeq * time. Application of this standard measure allows comparison between individuals of varying size with or without applied external resistance.
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