The ground in Saemangeum has a high water level and is mostly composed of silty soil and sand, which makes it susceptible to liquefaction and seepage effects. To investigate the seismic response of a geotextile tube-reinforced embankment and shallow foundations laid on a liquefiable soil, a simple spring type shaking table apparatus was developed. The variation in the response acceleration and shear stress-strain relationship were investigated, and the effect of soil improvement and reinforcement were explored, wherein one of the shallow foundations was laid on a coarse sand layer and reinforced by a polyester geotextile. The results showed that the main cause of damage to the embankment was seepage-induced liquefaction. Excessive surface accelerations were observed in the embankment soil due to lateral spreading, indicating the importance of analyzing the liquefaction potential of soils not only at the site area but also near embankments. Lastly, the inclusion of geotextile reinforcement and soil improvement only resulted in the slight reduction of shallow foundation settlement.
In large projects such as dams, embankments, and seawalls, it is sometimes important to determine the compressive properties of a mixture containing soil and gravel with particle sizes exceeding 75 mm. The Saemangeum Renewable Energy Vision Proclamation Ceremony, held in October 2018 in Korea, confirmed and promulgated the plan to build a total of 4.0 GW of renewable energy power generation complex in the Saemangeum area. The project will be carried out on an area of 31.95 km2, and a 1.0 GW offshore wind power development plan is in progress. Since most of the Saemangeum area has a soft ground layer that has been reclaimed, a key research institute is absolutely necessary to lead in the stabilization of the supporting structures for power generation facilities and to achieve the renewable energy 3020 policy in extreme environments. Hence, it is meaningful to investigate the effect of gravel content (P) on the ground strength characteristics. However, such investigation cannot be routinely performed due to the limited size of the equipment available. Several equations have been proposed in the literature to modify the compaction properties of gravel-mixed soils containing coarse aggregates. Among these is the proposed equation by Walker and Holtz, which has widely been used. However, the use of this equation in the case of high gravel content is not appropriate because the physical meaning of this equation is not clear and does not apply to materials with gravel content exceeding 40%. Therefore, a better quantitative evaluation method in determining material characteristics according to gravel content must be established through laboratory tests on samples of acceptable particle size for the experimental equipment. To obtain the compressive properties of decomposed granite soil (D-G-S), in this study, the results from large-scale one-dimensional compression tests on samples compacted at various gravel concentrations, constant compaction energy, and constant water content were analyzed. To quantitatively evaluate the properties of D-G-S according to the gravel content, a modified formula based on the two-phase mixing theory was utilized. It was shown that the degree of mixing between the gravel and sand for the conditions of D-G-S used in the experiments was high, at 0.85. To estimate the compression curves of D-G-S at various gravel content, the compression curves of purely sand (P = 0%) and purely gravel (P = 100%) materials, and the value of Rm = 0.85 were utilized, and it was shown that the compression index and swelling index curves estimated using the method presented in this study were in good agreement with the experimental results. To confirm the engineering applicability of the presented method, finite element analysis was performed, and as a result, it was revealed that it can be sufficiently applied in the simulation of embankment settlement. In order to obtain more reliable results in the future, verification using various samples is required.
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