The purpose of this study was to gain more information concerning the nature and extent of anxiety experienced by beginning practicum students in their initial client interviews. Anxiety was assessed by self-report, skin conductance, and heart rate measures obtained in anticipation of and during stimulus situations of reading an article and counseling a client. The design was a 2 X 2 (Periods X Sessions) within-subjects factorial. Results indicated that subjects were more anxious on physiological and self-report measures of anxiety during the counseling interview than during reading. Although most of the self-report data were not found to be related to autonomic arousal during the interview, baseline autonomic data were highly related to autonomic response during the interview. Also, self-report predictions of anxiety were related to self-report anxiety during the interview. Conclusions were that the counseling interview is an anxiety-evoking situation, that much of the anxiety can be accounted for by subjects' expectations, and that anxiety is most meaningfully discussed within the framework of response dimensions.
Physiological and subjective anxiety measures were assessed to determine if counselor trainees experienced greater anxiety levels during a counseling interview than during a conversation. Twenty-eight counselor trainee volunteers from a graduate level practicum course participated in 10-minute conversation and counseling sessions. Anxiety was assessed by self-report, skin conductance, and heart rate measures. Results indicated that on two of three indicants of anxiety, trainees were more anxious during counseling than during conversing: Covariance analyses indicated significant treatment and interaction effects for conductance data, no significant effects for heart rate data, and a significant treatment effect for self-report data. Habituation heart rate and conductance data were highly related to respective physiological data during anticipation and stimulus periods, and preexperimental selfreport data were moderately related to postexperimental self-report data. Results suggest that counselor trainees are more anxious during counseling than during conversing; that trainees' expectations account for much of their anxiety; and that habituation physiological and self-report data may be useful in identifying trainees who will experience anxiety during a counseling interview.
Commercially produced oil furnace carbon black (Chemical Abstract Service Registry No. 1333-86-4) has been evaluated by five different assay for genetic activity. These were the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test, sister chromatid exchange test in CHO cells, mouse lymphoma test, cell transformation assay in C3H/10T1/2 cells, and assay for genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Limited cellular toxicity was exhibited but no significant genetic activity was noted.
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