A novel approach
for protecting jet fuel against the effects of
water contamination based upon Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII)
is presented. This dual-action strategy is predicated on the addition
of a fuel-soluble water scavenger that undergoes a kinetically fast
hydrolysis reaction with free water to produce a hydrophilic ice inhibitor,
thereby further militating against the effects of water crystallization.
Criteria for an optimum FDII were identified and then used to screen
a range of potential water-scavenging agents, which led to a closer
examination of systems based upon exo/endo-cyclic
ketals and both endo- and exo-cyclic
ortho esters. The ice inhibition properties of the subsequent products
of the hydrolysis reaction in Jet A-1 were screened by differential
scanning calorimetry. The hydrolysis products of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
demonstrate similar ice inhibition performance to DiEGME over a range
of blend levels. The calorific values for the products of hydrolysis
were also investigated, and it is clear that there would be a significant
fuel saving on use of the additive over current fuel system icing
inhibitors. Finally, three promising candidates, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane,
2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, and 2-methoxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane,
were shown to effectively dehydrate Jet A-1 at room temperature over
a 2 h period.
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