The production of negative ions is of significant interest for applications including mass spectrometry, particle acceleration, material surface processing, and neutral beam injection for magnetic confinement fusion. Methods to improve the efficiency of the surface production of negative ions, without the use of low work function metals, are of interest for mitigating the complex engineering challenges these materials introduce. In this study we investigate the production of negative ions by doping diamond with nitrogen. Negatively biased (−20 V or −130 V), nitrogen doped micro-crystalline diamond films are introduced to a low pressure deuterium plasma (helicon source operated in capacitive mode, 2 Pa, 26 W) and negative ion energy distribution functions (NIEDFs) are measured via mass spectrometry with respect to the surface temperature (30 • C to 750 • C) and dopant concentration. The results suggest that nitrogen doping has little influence on the yield when the sample is biased at −130 V, but when a relatively small bias voltage of −20 V is applied the yield is increased by a factor of 2 above that of un-doped diamond when its temperature reaches 550 • C. The doping of diamond with nitrogen is a new method for controlling the surface production of negative ions, which continues to be of significant interest for a wide variety of practical applications.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPJs) are an emerging technology for the localised treatment of heat sensitive surfaces. Adding humidity to the CAPJ's feed gas yields an effective production of highly reactive intermediate species, such as hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and hydroxyl radicals, among others, which are key species for biomedical applications. This study focusses on the effluent of the CAPJ kINPen, which was operated with argon feed gas and a humidity admixture of 3000 ppm, while a gas curtain was used to limit the diffusion of ambient air into the effluent. The axial and radial density distribution of O and H atoms is measured by means of picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (ps-TALIF). A maximum O atom density of (3.8 ± 0.7) • 10 15 cm −3 and a maximum H atom density of (3.5 ± 0.7) • 10 15 cm −3 are found at the nozzle of the plasma jet.The experimental results are compared to a two-dimensional reacting flow model that is coupled with a local zero-dimensional plasma chemical model. With this model, the main H and O atom production mechanisms are determined to be the dissociation
A high production rate of negative hydrogen ion was observed from a nanoporous C12A7 electride surface immersed in hydrogen/deuterium low-pressure plasmas. The target was biased at 10 -170 V negatively and the target surface was bombarded by H3 + ions from the plasma. The production rate was 1-2 orders higher than a clean molybdenum surface.The measured Henergy spectrum indicates that the major production mechanism is desorption by sputtering. This material has potential to be used as production surface of cesium-free negative ion sources for accelerators, heating beams in nuclear fusion, and surface modification for industrial applications.
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