Objectives The study aimed to determine the effect of quercetin on the expression of primary regulator gene involved in lipogenesis and triglycerides synthesis in the liver, and the sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a high-fat diet (HFD) model. Methods Fifty-six Balb/c mice were divided into seven groups: standard feed; HFD; HFD and quercetin 50 mg/kg for 28 days; HFD and quercetin 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days; HFD and quercetin 50 mg/kg for 14 days; HFD and quercetin 100 mg/kg for 14 days; HFD and repaired fed for 14 days. Quercetin was administered intraperitoneally. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment; the liver was taken for macroscopic, histopathological staining using hematoxylin–eosin and reverse transcription-PCR analysis sample. Results HFD significantly increased the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA; meanwhile, quercetin and repaired feed significantly reduced the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in the liver. Quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg also improved liver cells’ pathological profile in high-fat diet NAFLD. Conclusions The present study suggests that quercetin has an inhibitory effect on SREBP-1c expression and improved liver pathology in NAFLD mice.
<p>This study argues the problems and approaches in acquiring the first language at age 1-3 years by children in Yemen. Some stages like pre-production, early production, stage of the first-word stage, beginning fluency in its beginning intermediate, and advanced level are treated in this study. To solve the problem, theories relating to acquiring the first language are employed, these theories include (Varshney, 2003), (Lyons, 1981), (Bolinger, 2002), (Chomsky, 2009), (Gleason J. B., 1998), (Steinberg D. D., 2003), (Fromkin, 1983), (Langacker, 1973), (Wells, Children’s Language and Learning, 1980). This study is carried out by employing descriptive qualitative research. The target children are from Yemen aged 1-3 years old. The researcher’s daughter and son are taken as a subject for this study. Then he observed them for a long time and recorded them by using video aids that help him to collect data. After collecting the data, the researcher notices some problems regarding acquiring the first language. These problems include errors in speech sounds, incorrect words, reproduction, duplication, rectification, specifying the question, naming by experience, single-word response. He also finds out a number of approaches regarding acquiring the first language like pre-production, early production, first word, beginning fluency stage, intermediate fluency stage, and advanced fluency stage. Finally, Children first language acquisition can be arisen by exposing it to their parents and others surrounding them.<strong></strong></p>
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK3, which are interleukin-4 signaling components, are crucial in Th2 cell differentiation. Thus, inhibition of JAK1 and JAK3 is a promising therapeutic target to treat allergic asthma. This study explores the potential of secondary metabolites from various medicinal plants to be developed as JAK1 inhibitors and JAK3 inhibitors through in silico studies. In silico drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics prediction were performed on 106 secondary metabolites from various medicinal plants using the SwissADME online tool. Molecular docking was carried out on 60 medicinal plant metabolites with characteristics that met the drug-likeness criteria by targeting the Janus kinases family proteins (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2) using AutoDockVina software. For the results, a total of ten medicinal plant metabolites, namely aloe emodin; genistein; daidzein; glycitein; apigenin 7,4’-dimethyl ether; laburnetin; formononetin; afrormosin; kaempferol; and isothankunic acid, met the criteria for drug-likeness, had an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and had appropriate binding energy to the target protein JAK1. Then, as many as three medicinal plant metabolites, namely madasiatic acid; madecassic acid; and lupeol also met the criteria for drug-likeness, had an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and had proper binding energy to the target protein JAK3. In conclusion, this study was found that several medicinal plant metabolites potential to be developed as JAK1 inhibitors and JAK3 inhibitors.
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