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The fossil fuel resources are dwindling day by day. Fuel has been a challenge for today’s scientific works for increasing demand. The methyl esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly well known because of their low environmental impact. Methyl esters of Pongamiapinnata are derived through esterification and transesterification. Several processes of biodiesel fuel production has been developed, among which transesterification using alkali as a catalyst gives high level of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl ester in a short duration. Amount of solvent, catalyst, temperature and reaction time were optimizedfor estimates the conversion efficiency. The physical properties of Karanja seed oil (KSO) and biodiesel were studied and compared with standard. FTIR and TGA spectrums of KSO and KSO Biodiesel were studied for the confirmation of conversion.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 15-20, 2017

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This article explores the strength and extent of causal relationship between BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) stock returns and real oil price using frequency domain approach of Breitung and Candelon (2006). This technique offers an appropriate alternative tool by investigating the causality in frequency domain, while standard causality tests focus only on the time domain. Using 1998-2015 quarterly data, we show that the impact of oil price on stock returns is not uniform across the investigated countries. Even though the slowly (quickly) fluctuating components of oil price exert a significant influence on real stock returns in Brazil and Russia (India and South Africa), medium and long term hidden factors were found as potential contributors of Chinese share market. The oil dependence profile, the distribution of market share between companies, the financial system efficiency and the effectiveness of regulation in securities markets have been offered to explain the heterogeneous responses of BRICS equities.JEL Classifications: G12, O57, Q43

Biodiesel derived from non edible sources is a potential eco-friendly substitute to petroleum fuel. Acid-catalysed esterification was applied to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) content of oil to zero followed by base-catalyzed transesterification to convert esterified product to its mono-esters and glycerol. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of these two processes such as amounts of solvent and catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time were optimized. The physical properties and heating value of Mahogany Seed Oil (MSO) and MSO diesel are evaluated and compared with that of commercial diesel. FTIR and 1H NMR spectrum of MSO and MSO biodiesel confirmed the conversion of MSO to biodiesel. The oxidation stability of MSO biodiesel oil was also studied. The study affirms the production of biodiesel from MSO as a renewable alternative to the diesel fuel.

Creating web application using traditional programming has lots of obstacles and failures in its development due to the fact that not only it is very difficult to trace logically but also it is not well organize. To overcome this, the researchers have created a new technology in web programming using framework. In this research, we used codeigniter framework. We designed and implemented web application for attendance list of lecturers that teach at Mulia University in Balikpapan using codeigniter and bootstrap framework. This research has several steps: collecting data, process modeling, data modeling, program creating, and application testing. The application that was created is based on system design which has been made before and its result has been tested by lectures that teach the courses. The main features that have been resulted in this research is login system, courses, lectures, lecturers attendance list, and its report. The result of this research is lecturers attendance list system which design and implement web program using codeigniter and bootstrap framework and LTE admin easily and fastly. This attendance system hopefully will make all the process of attendance practical and easy.

The purposes of the work to study the fatty acid methyl ester production by transesterification of Jatropha curcus oil with different catalysts where methanol was used as solvent. Jatropha oil having high free fatty acids FFA (14.02%) was processed in two steps. First step is acidcatalyzed esterification by using 1% H 2 SO 4 , 40% methanol-to-oil to produce methyl esters by lowering the acid value, and next step is different base-catalyzed transesterification. As part of ongoing efforts to investigate different homogeneous, heterogeneous and solid acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, the catalytic activity of KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , activated Ca(OH) 2 , Hß zeolite and montmorillonite were studied for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. Among these catalysts, performance of catalysts order are KOH > NaOH > activated Ca(OH) 2 >Ca(OH) 2 > montmorillonite> Hß zeolite.