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Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of ethical and psychological factors in the implementation of 5S and TPM at cement plants in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Design/methodology/approach: The mixed methods represented in a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews for data collection in the framework of the case study were chosen. The questionnaire survey already has been tested. Findings:The findings of this paper revealed that ethical factors had a larger role than psychological factors in the implementation. Thus, based on the findings, organisations are recommended to provide financial and moral support to employees to enable a comprehensive implementation of 5S and TPM aimed at obtaining the desired results. Gohil, Shah and Desai (2013) and Poduval and Pramod (2015) in the area of 5S and TPM.Where, these studies have focused on studying the other factors such as (organizational, technological, operational and others) in implementing 5S and TPM. This without realizing the fact that it is also necessary to examine factors such as (ethical and psychological) that would affect the capabilities and employee morale before and during the implementation of those techniques (5S and TPM) that are used to bring out the best productivity.

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This study examined the extent of optimal materials handling equipment impact on defective product reduction skills to enhance overall production efficiency, taking steel and iron factories as a case study. To achieve this end, the study was performed by using qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection was employed which represented in the questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire instrument already has been tested. Findings of the study revealed that optimal materials handling equipment, particularly storage and handling equipment and engineered systems assist significantly in improving defective product reduction skills by facilitating a shorter operating cycle, reduces handling costs, eliminates unproductive handling of materials, reduces idle machine capacity, and eliminates factory hazards. All this, in turn, enabling optimum usage of space and maintains the quality of materials toward enhancing overall production efficiency in terms of facilitating better customer care and ensuring the production of quality products and in a timely. Based on findings, the study recommended manufacturing organizations management in order to succeed in enhancing operational and production efficiency as a whole, it should give a keen interest in optimal materials handling equipment and give them prioritize as a very vital cost center to defective products reduction.