Background : The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 raised the attention towards bacterial co-infection and its role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. This study aims to review and identify the prevalence of bacterial co-infection in Iraqi patients as bacterial co-infection played an important role in escalating the morbidity and mortality rate during previous viral outbreaks and pandemics of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: It was collected three hundred eighty clinical samples from covid-19 patients, in Iraqi patients from a period between November 2021 to January 2021, in the bacteriology Unit. Each specimen was cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol Salt Agar and Chocolate Agar plates to be isolated, then samples was identified using biochemical test. Result: According to morphological and biochemical tests among collected samples 80 (21.1%) were positive samples, while 300 (78.9%) were negative samples, positive samples included 61(76.2%) gram negative (Gr -ve) and 19 (23.8%) were gram positive (Gr +ve), positive samples were distributed as following, 50 (62.5%) samples K. pneumonia, 3 (3.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 (6.2%) Acinetobacter baumanii, 4 (5%) Micrococcus, 12 (15%) Staphylococcus aureus, 3 (3.8%) Enterococcus cloacae and 3 (3.8%) were Aerococcus viridans.
The noticeable increase in the occurrence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains separated from different hospitals in Wasit Province-Iraq demonstrates the limitation of antibiotics used for bacterial eradication. The aim of the present study is to detect the virulence genes in some K. pneumoniae isolates that collected from different hospitals in Wasit Province-Iraq. A total of 525 clinical samples were used to isolate 77 K. pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens throw fife months. They were identified by microbiological method as K. pneumoniae. The antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolates was determined. The existence of virulence genes (AcrAB and tolC) were performed by PCR. The multidrug-resistant isolates showed resistance against Gentamicin (3.89%), Tobramycin (15.58%), and Amikacin (12.98%), which belongs to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Morever, βeta-Lactam antibiotics include Penicillins: Ampicillin (100%), Augmentin (19.48%), Carbapenems class including: Polymyxin-B (2.59%), and Imipenem (19.48%), Tetracyclins represented by Tetracycline (27.27%), Quinolones class including Ciprofloxacin (19.48%), Levofloxacin (14.28%), and Norfloxacin (14.28%), Macrolidies class including Azithromycin (57.14%),Amphenicols class including Chloramphenicol (1.29%),Nitrofurans class including Nitrofurantion (57.14%), finally Co-Trimoxazole class including Trimethoprim (33.76%). Molecular diversity between K. pneumoniae isolates was determined using Multiplex PCR technique.
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