Kalonunia is a traditional black-husked non-Basmati type scented rice of terai region (foothills of eastern Himalayas) of West Bengal, India. With a view to develop the morpho-genetic database of the unique variety, the field test was conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal, India during kharif (wet) season of 2013, 2014 and 2018, and molecular characterization was done at Bose Institute, Kolkata. The plants of Kalonunia were long-statured (scale 7, 145 ± 5 cm height), which had late heading (119 ± 4 days) and late maturity (scale 7, 151 ± 5 days). The bi-sexual flower had six yellow-coloured anthers and white-coloured feathery stigma. The black-husked matured grain was short in size (7.2 mm) with occasional mediumsized black awns (mean awn length 7.6 mm) and low test weight (15.2 g). The white-coloured kernels belonged to medium-slender group (length 5.12 mm and breadth 1.94 mm), which had low amylose content (18.1%), medium gelatinization temperature (alkali value 3.9) and medium-strong aroma (score 2.3). Among 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers used for DNA amplification profile to develop molecular base-pair length database, only three (RM 182, RM 339 and RM 341) could make greater genetic distances (321.4 vs. 296.3 bp, 177.2 vs. 143.1 bp and 142.4 vs. 175.0 bp, respectively) between Kalonunia and international check IR 36.
Among the food crops, rice is the mainstay of the sustenance of Asia's population since long. Therefore, smart rice research is needed to make the rice production systems economically and ecologically sustainable. Weeds are known to be a major biotic constraint in agricultural production systems. Of the total annual loss of agricultural produce from various pests in India, weeds accounts for 45%, insect 30%, diseases 20% and other pests 5% (Rao, 1983). In India, yield loss due to weeds in transplanted rice was estimated to the tune of 30.9 % over weedy check (AICRP-weed management, 2003(AICRP-weed management, -2012. Considering the diversity and complexity of weed problem, it can be stated that no single method of weed control whether cultural, manual, mechanical or chemical would be sufficient to provide season-long sustainable weed management under transplanted rice ecosystem. In the above-mentioned perspective, a field experiment on weed management in 'Mashuri' cultivar of rice was carried out at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal during kharif season of 2016. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 12 treatments replicated thrice: T 1 -Weedy check; T 2 -Weed free; T 3 -PW at 15, 30 and 45 DAT; T 4 -Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP @ 8 g a.i. ha -1 at 10 DAT; T 5 -Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha -1 at 14 DAT; T 6 -Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i. ha -1 at 14 DAT; T 7 -Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i. ha -1 + PW at 25 and 40 DAT; T 8 -Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i. ha -1 + 2,4-D 0.50 kg a.i. ha -1 at 30 DAT + PW at 45 DAT; T 9 -Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i. ha -1 + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha -1 at 22-25 DAT + PW at 40 DAT; T 10 -Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha -1 at 20 DAT + PW at 40 DAT; T 11 -2,4-D 0.50 kg a.i. ha -1 at 25 DAT + PW at 40 DAT and T 12 -Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i. ha -1 + Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP @ 8 g a.i. ha -1 at 10 DAT. It was evident from the results that almost all the growth and yield attributes, weed population (no m -2 ), dry weight of weeds (g m -2 ), WCE, WCI and WI differed significantly with different weed management practices. So far as growth components and yield attributes were concerned, T 2 i.e. weed free exhibited the best performance closely followed and in some cases being at par with T 9. Highest grain yield (4.23 t ha -1 ) was achieved from weed free being at par with T 9 (4.14 t ha -1 ) but differed significantly from others. Apart from weed free treatment, highest WCE & WCI was achieved from T 9 . Excepting T 2 lowest weed index at harvest (1.72 %) was also achieved from T 9 . As far as the production economics was concerned, highest gross return (Rs. 68541.00/ha) was obtained from T 2 followed by T 9 (Rs. 67198.00/ha). But in case of net return, highest value of Rs. 29223.00 was obtained from T 9 and due to its high cost of cultivation T 6 showed highest input: output ratio (1:1.80) narrowly followed by T 9 (1:1.77). So, it was concluded that the treatment T 6 or T 9 could be opted for sufficient con...
An experiment was conducted at instructional farm Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya during kharif season, 2017 to find out a suitable chemical weed management practice in transplanted rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: Weedy check, T2: Weed free, T3: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T4: Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T5: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT, T6: Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT, T7: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T8: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + 2,4-D sodium salt 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 at 30 DAT, T9: Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP @ 8 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT, T10: Pretilachlor 0.60 kg a.i ha-1 at 3 DAT + Almix @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT, T11: Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 21 DAT and T12: Almix @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 21 DAT. The rice variety used in the experiment was MTU 1075. It was observed that different herbicides treatments influenced weed control efficiency, weed index and yield components in transplanted rice. The highest number of filled grains (113.12 panicle-1), 1000 grain weight (22.90 g), grain yield (5.07 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.15 t ha-1) of rice was recorded with weed free (T2) treatment being at par with T11, T4, T3 and T10. In mustard, plots under weed free i.e. T2 treatment in rice performed the best in terms of every yield attribute viz. number of siliqua (77.00 plant-1), number of seeds (20.41siliqua-1), 1000 seed weight (3.14 g) as well as seed yield (1067.46 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2157.40 kg ha-1) being statistically at par with the plots under treatment T11 & plots under treatment T4. It can be concluded that the treatment comprising combination of pre-emergence & post-emergence herbicide like T11 i.e. Butachlor 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT + Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 21 DAT or application of higher dose of efficient & highly effective post-emergent herbicide molecule like T4 i.e. Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 14 DAT can be opted for sufficient control of weeds in transplanted kharif paddy in terai zone of West Bengal to maximize the economic return.
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