No abstract

The sport results or exercise achievements of Lipizzaner horses are rarely considered, as their involvement in equestrian sports is rare. As a result, norms for evaluation of their fitness level during training or performance have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the basal values of various physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), body and skin temperatures) and their acclimatisation to a graded exercise load. The study was performed with a group of 6 purebred Lipizzaner horses with an average age of 9 years. It consisted of two trials (spring, autumn) of exercise test, including lunging at a walk, trot and canter. The physiological values were measured before and after exercise, and were within the normal ranges for warm-blooded horses in both trials. A gradual increase in HR and significant positive correlations between HR and speed were determined in the Lipizzaners during the exercise tests in both trials, which was followed by a gradual increase in RR, rectal temperature and the skin temperature in various body regions. The time to reach resting HR after exercise was longer in spring than in autumn. Resting RRs and rectal temperatures were reached at the time to reach resting HR. Differences between the resting skin temperatures of various body regions were determined in both trials. Following the exercise test, the skin temperatures of all regions were significantly higher when compared to the resting values, and decreased thereafter during the recovery time in autumn, but remained almost unchanged in spring. The study contributes to knowledge about thermoregulation and the response of the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters of horses. The results are not only a presentation of physiological responses to graded exercise in Lipizzaner horses, but may be accepted as an important contribution to sports physiology and medical knowledge about horses in general, representing a basis for further research in the field of exercise tests and sports medicine.

Abstract:The aim of the paper is to present a developed spreadsheet tool for the formulation of a daily dairy cow ration. it is constructed on the basis of two linked sub-models developed on the MS Excel platform. it merges the common linear programming model and the weighted-goal programming model with a penalty function. The first sub-model is included in the tool to make an estimate of the least-cost magnitude that might be expected. The obtained result is entered into the second sub-model as the goal that should be met as closely as possible. The tool was tested at two different values of preferential weights for dairy cows with a 25 kg daily milk yield. The results obtained confirm the benefits of the applied approach. in contrast to the common linear program tools, which terminate at formulation of the least-cost ration, our tool provides more efficient rations (in both economic and nutritive terms) by fine-tuning the nutritive goals and by allowing for harmless deviations from these goals by application of penalty functions.Key words: spreadsheet ration optimization, economics of dairy breeding, linear programming, weighted goal programming with penalty function Abstrakt: cílem příspěvku je prezentace metodického tabulkového nástroje pro stanovení denní krmné dávky pro dojnice. Ten byl vytvořen na základě dvou propojených dílčích modelů na základě MS Excelu. Kombinuje běžný model lineárního programování a váženým cílovým programováním s trestnou funkcí. První submodel představuje nástroj k odhadu minimálních nákladů. získané výsledky jsou vloženy jako cíl, jehož má být co nejtěsněji dosaženo, do druhého submodelu. Tento nástroj byl testován na základě dvou rozdílných hodnot diferenčních vah pro dojnice s denní dojivostí 25 kg. získa-né výsledky potvrdily přednosti aplikované metody. na rozdíl od běžných nástrojů lineárního programování, které končí formulací minimálních nákladů, předkládaný metodologický nástroj nabízí efektivnější denní dávky (jak v ekonomickém, tak nutričním smyslu) přesnějším vyvážením nutričních cílů a umožněním přijatelných odchylek od těchto cílů zavedením trestné funkce.Klíčová slova: optimalizace krmné dávky, ekonomika produkce mléka, lineární programování, vážené cílové programování s trestnou funkcí

No abstract

No abstract