The effect of method of forage preservation on the protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

Verbič, J.; Ørskov, E. R.; Žgajnar, Jaka; Chen, X.B.; Žnidaršič-Pongrac, V.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00102-9

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The present results were confirmed by Jaakkola and Huhtanen who noted that the ruminal protein degradation in dairy cattle fed hay-based diets is lower than that in cattle fed silage-based diets [54]. A greater difference in ruminal CP degradation of grass silage compared with hay is observed [55]. Ruminal DM disappearance was higher in corn and alfalfa silages compared with their hays (P<0.05).…”

Section: Ruminal and Post-ruminally Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Additives on In Vitro Intestinal Utilizable Crude Protein in Dairy Cows and Mobile Bag Nutrient Digestibility of Corn, Alfalfa and Whole Barley Silages

Hosseini¹,

Mesgaran²,

Vakili³

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of additives on intestinal utilizable crude protein in dairy cows, and ruminal and post-ruminal nutrients disappearance of corn, alfalfa, and whole barley silages using in situ mobile bag technique. Alfalfa, whole crop corn and barley were harvested and chopped, and then treated with commercial biological and chemical additives; urea at 0.0, 10.8 and 21.6 g/kg DM in corn (CS 0.0 , CSU 10.8 and CSU 21.6 , respectively) and whole barley (BS 0.0 , BSU 10.8 and BSU 21.6 , respectively); Biomin ® inoculant at 0.0, 800 and 9600 cfu/kg in corn (CS 0.0 , CSB 800 and CSB 9600 , respectively) and at 0.0 and 800 cfu/kg in whole barley (BS 0.0 and BSB 800 ); formic acid at 0.0, 4 and 4.4 ml/kg in alfalfa (AS 0.0 , ASF 4 and ASF 4.4 , respectively) and at 0.0 and 4 ml/kg (BS 0.0 and BSF 4 ) in whole barley. Urea caused the enhancement of in vitro intestinal utilizable crude protein (uCP) and its effectiveness (EuCP). In vitro intestinal utilizable crude protein was not affected by formic acid in whole barley silage, although treated alfalfa silages had higher uCP than AS 0.0 . Ruminal CP disappearance was higher for urea-treated corn and whole barley silages at both levels, although formic acid and Biomin ® did not change it. Ruminal NDF disappearance was greater for urea-treated corn silages and BSU 21.6 than CS 0.0 and BS 0.0 . Post-ruminal disappearance of protein increased significantly in AS 4.4 and reduced in urea-treated corn and whole barley silages (P<0.05). Utilizable CP at 8 h was higher for dry hays in comparison with those of silages in both alfalfa and whole barley (P<0.05). Results of the present study showed that, for the first time, silages treated with urea and formic acid had higher in vitro utilizable crude protein in dairy cow intestine compared with the untreated silages.

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Section: Ruminal and Post-ruminally Digestibilitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Additives on In Vitro Intestinal Utilizable Crude Protein in Dairy Cows and Mobile Bag Nutrient Digestibility of Corn, Alfalfa and Whole Barley Silages

Hosseini¹,

Mesgaran²,

Vakili³

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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“…The EDGCP for GS was similar to the results presented by von Keyserlingk et al (1996) , Verbič et al, 1999;840 to 880 g kg -1 , Hvelplund and Weisbjerg, 2000). The relatively low EDGCP in silage from the present experiment was probably the result of high DM concentration, which was found to be an important factor controlling the shift of protein degradability during the ensiling process (Tamminga et al, 1991).…”

Section: Degradability Of Feeds and Diets In The Rumensupporting

confidence: 87%

“…When compared to GS, a decrease of metabolizable protein concentration in GS-MS was mainly due to a decrease in the supply of postruminally digested dietary protein while GS-FB and in GS-M both, a decrease in the supply of postruminally digested dietary protein as well as a decrease in the supply of digestible true microbial protein, were observed. In absolute terms the metabolizable protein concentrations in diets from the present experiment are higher than those obtained for maize silage (Verbič et al, 2005) and considerably higher than for GS values reported by Verbič et al (1999).…”

Section: Metabolizable Protein and Nitrogen Balancecontrasting

confidence: 81%

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The effect of supplementing highly wilted grass silage with maize silage, fodder beet or molasses on degradation of the diets and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep

Žnidaršič

Verbič

Babnik

et al. 2010

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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This study aimed at determining the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) in diets based on highly wilted grass silage [(GS) DMI). All the diets were made isonitrogenous by urea supplementation (14.0, 4.0 and 2.0 g kg -1 DMI in GS-MS, GS-FB and GS-M diets). In sacco determined crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) degradabilities were 756, 800, 778 and 814 (P<0.05) and 563, 577, 593 and 618 g kg -1 (P<0.05) in GS, GS-MS, GS-FB and GS-M diets, respectively. Synchrony indexes that describe the synchrony of CP and OM degradation in the rumen were 0.75, 0.67, 0.67 and 0.79 in GS, GS-MS, GS-FB and GS-M diets, respectively. The EMPS, assessed by means of urinary purine derivative excretion, did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the diets (36.6, 35.1, 34.7 and 34.0 g microbial nitrogen kg -1 OM apparently digested in the rumen in GS, GS-MS, GS-FB and GS-M diets, respectively). The estimated metabolizable protein supply from GS, GS-MS, GS-FB and GS-M diets amounted to 98, 90, 93 and 87 g kg -1 DMI, respectively. Apparently, highly wilted GS containing a high concentration of WSC (91 g kg -1 DM) supports high EMPS in the rumen and this cannot be improved by the supplementation with starch or water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) rich feeds.

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“…Cocksfoot was less rich in soluble carbohydrate than perennial ryegrass, what may have resulted in a decrease in microbial synthesis and lower degradability. In the same species, at the same vegetation stage, the DegN varied according to the conservation method, as in the results of Verbic et al [43]: the silages were more degraded than fresh forages and hays, and wrapped big bales were intermediate between silages and hay according to the dry matter at harvesting. On the contrary to the results of Vik-Mo [44], but consistent with our results on lucerne [6], the DegN was significantly lower for silage of cocksfoot with formic acid than for silage without an additive.…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Degradabilitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Ruminal degradation of protein of cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass as affected by various stages of growth and conservation methods

2003

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-The behaviour of nitrogenous fractions in the rumen of sheep fed grasses at different vegetation stages and preserved by different methods was examined in this study. The measurements were made on four sheep fed forages. In Experiment 1, we used fresh cocksfoot cut at three stages of vegetation in the first growth stage (heading, first flower and full flower), two silages (one made with formic acid and the other without a preservative) and a first flower hay. In Experiment 2, we used fresh perennial ryegrass cut in the first growth stage (end of heading) and in the second growth stage at 7 week regrowth. A silage made with formic acid, two wrapped big bales harvested at 42% and 58% dry matter and a hay cut at the first growth stage (end of heading) were compared. The effective degradability of crude protein (DegN) estimated using the in situ method was lower (P < 0.05) with the latter vegetation stage for cocksfoot: 0.693 for the heading, 0.667 for the first flower, 0.597 for the full flower. For cocksfoot, the DegN of the silages was higher (P < 0.05) for silage without additive (0.770) than for silage with formic acid (0.705) and higher than that of the fresh forage at first flower (0.667). The DegN of hay was markedly lower (0.537, P < 0.05) than that of the original fresh forage. The DegN of silage of perennial ryegrass (0.760) and wrapped big bales harvested at 42% DM (0.739) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of fresh forage harvested at the end of heading (0.705). The DegN of wrapped big bales of perennial ryegrass harvested at 58% DM (0.667) and hay (0.536) were lower than those of the other forages (P < 0.05). Whatever the forage studied, the concentration of total nitrogen (tN), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) were high 1 or 2 h after feeding and diminished rapidly up to 7 h after feeding. Some of the solubilised nitrogen remained as proteins 1 to 2 h after feeding for fresh forage harvested at various growth stages, but no protein was found in the rumen fluid after sheep were fed the silage (with or without preservative), wrapped big bales or hay. The proportion of dietary NAN flow (relative to ingested nitrogen) escaping rumen degradation was 5.8% to 10.1% for perennial ryegrass and 10.9% to 15% for cocksfoot. Quel que soit le fourrage étudié, les teneurs en azote total, en azote ammoniacal, et en azote non ammoniacal dans le rumen sont maximales 1 ou 2 h après le repas et diminuent jusqu'à 7 h après le repas. Une partie des matières azotées solubilisées reste sous forme de protéines 1 ou 2 h après le repas pour les fourrages verts tandis qu'on ne retrouve pas de protéines solubilisées dans le rumen des moutons recevant des fourrages conservés (ensilages, balles rondes, foin). Le flux d'azote alimentaire non ammoniacal (exprimé par rapport à l'azote ingéré) qui échappe à la dégradation dans le rumen et transite avec le liquide ruminal représente de 5,8 % à 10,1 % pour le ray-grass anglais et de 10,9 % à 15 % pour le dactyle.dactyle / ray-grass anglais / mode de conse...

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The effect of method of forage preservation on the protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Additives on In Vitro Intestinal Utilizable Crude Protein in Dairy Cows and Mobile Bag Nutrient Digestibility of Corn, Alfalfa and Whole Barley Silages

Effect of Additives on In Vitro Intestinal Utilizable Crude Protein in Dairy Cows and Mobile Bag Nutrient Digestibility of Corn, Alfalfa and Whole Barley Silages

The effect of supplementing highly wilted grass silage with maize silage, fodder beet or molasses on degradation of the diets and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep

Ruminal degradation of protein of cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass as affected by various stages of growth and conservation methods

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